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David Jiyao Chou,Kelly Yinching Lam,Jianping Chen,Ping Yao,Tina Tingxia Dong,Aizhen Xiong,Guixin Chou,Zhengtao Wang,Karl Wah-Keung Tsim 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2014 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.4 No.4
Linderae Radix, the dry roots of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. The total alkaloids are believed to be the active components responsible for anti-inflammation of Linderae Radix. Here, the total alkaloids of Linderae Radix were extracted and isolated, including 12 isoquinoline alkaloids and 1 furan sesquiterpene. Within the alkaloids, norisoboldine, boldine, linderaline, isoboldine, reticuline, N-methyllaurotetanine, norjuziphine were found to be the major ingredients. In lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, application of Linderae Radix extract, or total alkaloids, suppressed the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Out of the 12 alkaloids, norisoboldine, boldine, and isoboldine were tested in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages, and norisoboldine was the strongest alkaloid in suppressing the cytokine expressions. The current studies suggested that the identification of alkaloids from Linderae Radix could provide a plausible explanation for herbal therapeutic functions.
Uptake and diffusion of plasma-generated reactive nitrogen species through keratinized membrane
Im, Yeon-Ho,Xiong, Zilan,Elg, Daniel T,Graves, David B Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. 2019 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.52 No.19
<P>We propose a mathematical model for uptake and diffusion of air plasma-generated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in a model keratinized membrane, such as a thin slice of bovine hoof or human nail material. An experimental system consisting of a surface microdischarge (SMD) in air was designed for the purpose of developing and validating a reaction-diffusion model to describe this system. Key variables such as membrane effective diffusivity, surface reaction rate coefficients, and other parameters are determined through comparison between the model predictions and experimental measurements. The model results yield spatial and temporal concentration profiles of RNS inside the keratinized membrane, leading to an improved understanding of transport and reaction of plasma generated RNS through the membrane. This work offers insights into possible mechanisms underlying plasma treatment of toenail fungus.</P>
Multidisciplinary design optimization in design for additive manufacturing
Guang Liu,Yi Xiong,David W. Rosen 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.1
Design for additive manufacturing (AM) involves decision making in various design domains, including product design, material selection, and process planning. In practice, engineers typically adopt a sequential design process to optimize these design domains in consecutive order. However, coupling factors, e.g. shared variables, related constraints, and conflicting objectives, are not sufficiently considered within the sequential design process, resulting in an inefficient workflow and suboptimal design solutions. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary design optimization framework to simultaneously optimize different domains, which enables rapid exploration and complete exploitation of the AM design space under complex constraints. More specifically, the proposed framework is based on the concurrent optimization method, which coordinates the optimization of different design domains by allowing an automated exchange of design information. Also, the framework utilizes the surrogate modeling approach to approximate high-fidelity simulations for facilitating the iterative process. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated with two examples, a plate with a hole design and a hook design, which involve multiple design objectives from both process and structure domains, i.e. the print time, print area, strain energy, and maximum von Mises stress.
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease
Erik S Musiek,David D Xiong,David M Holtzman 생화학분자생물학회 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.-
Disturbances in the sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythms are common symptoms of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and they have generally been considered as late consequences of the neurodegenerative processes. Recent evidence demonstrates that sleep–wake and circadian disruption often occur early in the course of the disease and may even precede the development of cognitive symptoms. Furthermore, the sleep–wake cycle appears to regulate levels of the pathogenic amyloid-beta peptide in the brain, and manipulating sleep can influence AD-related pathology in mouse models via multiple mechanisms. Finally, the circadian clock system, which controls the sleep–wake cycle and other diurnal oscillations in mice and humans, may also have a role in the neurodegenerative process. In this review, we examine the current literature related to the mechanisms by which sleep and circadian rhythms might impact AD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these systems for the prevention of AD.
Sb@C coaxial nanotubes as a superior long-life and high-rate anode for sodium ion batteries
Liu, Zhiming,Yu, Xin-Yao,Lou, Xiong Wen (David),Paik, Ungyu Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.9 No.7
<P>Antimony (Sb) is an attractive anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with a high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g(-1). However, its practical application is greatly hindered by the rapid capacity fading which is largely due to the large volume expansion during sodiation. Tuning the morphology and structure at the nano-scale or using carbonaceous materials as the buffer layer is essential to address this issue. Here, a facile carbon-coating coupled with a thermal-reduction strategy has been developed to synthesize unique Sb@C coaxial nanotubes. With different annealing time, the hollow space and the amount of Sb inside the tube can be easily tuned by the partial evaporation of Sb. The as-obtained Sb@C nanotubes exhibit excellent sodium storage properties. The remarkable electrochemical performance results from the unique coaxial nanoarchitecture. Specifically, it delivers a high specific capacity of 407 mAh g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 240 cycles. Furthermore, a stable capacity of 240 mAh g(-1) can be retained at 1.0 A g(-1) even after 2000 cycles. Most importantly, high capacities of 350 mAh g(-1) and 310 mAh g(-1) can be achieved at large current densities of 10 and 20 A g(-1), respectively, which represents the best rate performance among the reported Sb-based anode materials.</P>
Carbon coated porous nickel phosphides nanoplates for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Yu, Xin-Yao,Feng, Yi,Guan, Buyuan,(David) Lou, Xiong Wen,Paik, Ungyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Energy & environmental science Vol.9 No.4
<P>Electrochemical splitting of water provides an attractive way to produce hydrogen fuel. Unfortunately, the efficient and large-scale H-2 production is still hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode side of a water electrolyzer. Starting from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), we demonstrate a template-engaged strategy to transformNi-Ni Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanoplates into porous carbon coated nickel phosphides nanoplates with mixed phases of Ni5P4 and Ni2P. For comparison, NiO and Ni(OH)(2) porous nanoplates with the similar morphology have also been synthesized from the same precursor. Benefitting from their structural merits and the in situ formed catalytically active oxidized nickel species, the as-derived nickel phosphides manifest excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER superior to NiO and Ni(OH)(2).</P>
Park, Hyunjung,Kwon, Jiseok,Choi, Heechae,Shin, Donghyeok,Song, Taeseup,Lou, Xiong Wen David American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3
<P>A key issue with Na-ion batteries is the development of active materials with stable electrochemical reversibility through the understanding of their sodium storage mechanisms. We report a sodium storage mechanism and properties of a new anode material, digenite Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>S, based on its crystallographic study. It is revealed that copper sulfides (Cu<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>S) can have metal-rich formulas (<I>x</I> ≥ 1.6), due to the unique oxidation state of +1 found in group 11 elements. These phases enable the unit cell to consist of all strong Cu-S bonds and no direct S-S bonds, which are vulnerable to external stress/strain that could result in bond cleavage as well as decomposition. Because of its structural rigidness, the Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>S shows an intercalation/deintercalation reaction mechanism even in a low potential window of 0.1-2.2 V versus Na/Na<SUP>+</SUP> without irreversible phase transformation, which most of the metal sulfides experience through a conversion reaction mechanism. It uptakes, on average, 1.4 Na<SUP>+</SUP> ions per unit cell (∼250 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP>) and exhibits ∼100% retention over 1000 cycles at 2C in a tuned voltage range of 0.5-2.2 V through an overall solid solution reaction with negligible phase separation.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>