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Tang, Jianping,Li, Qian,Wang, Shuyu,Lee, Dong‐,Kyou,Hui, Pinhong,Niu, Xiaorui,Gutowski Jr., William J.,Dairaku, Koji,McGregor, John,Katzfey, Jack,Gao, Xuejie,Wu, Jia,Hong, Song‐,You,Wang, Wiley 2016 International journal of climatology Vol.36 No.13
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Under the Asia‐Pacific Network for Global Change (APN) project ‘Building Asian Climate Change Scenarios by Multi‐Regional Climate Models Ensemble’ (RMIP III, Regional Model Intercomparision Project), the simulation results of eight regional climate models (RCMs) and two fine‐resolution global climate models are validated for reproducibility of the current surface air temperature climatology (1981–2000), and are used to generate surface air future temperature projections (2041–2060) over the CORDEX‐EA (A Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia) domain. Four ensemble methods, namely, the equal weighting, the weighted mean, the reliability ensemble averaging, and the performance‐based ensemble averaging, are employed to generate the multi‐model projection of regional climate change over the region. The results show that the regional temperature ensembles of the present climate obtained from all four methods can outperform a single RCM result in aspects of the spatial distribution as well as the seasonal variation over East Asia. The four ensemble methods are then used to project the regional temperature climatology under the IPCC emission scenario of A1B for 2041–2060. Compared with the control climate of 1981–2000, the annual mean temperature of the future climate (2041–2060) increases 1–2 °C in low latitude areas and 2–3 °C in middle–high latitude areas over Asia.</P>
Li, Qian,Wang, Shuyu,Lee, Dong‐,Kyou,Tang, Jianping,Niu, Xiaorui,Hui, Pinhong,Gutowski Jr., William J.,Dairaku, Koji,McGregor, John L.,Katzfey, Jack,Gao, Xuejie,Wu, Jia,Hong, Song‐,You,Wan Wiley 2016 International journal of climatology Vol.36 No.13
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Under the framework of an project ‘Building Asian Climate Change Scenarios by Multi‐Regional Climate Models Ensemble’, the ability of eight regional climate models and two fine‐resolution global climate models to reproduce late 20th century (1981–2000) precipitation climatology is assessed. Future precipitation change (2041–2060) under the A1B scenario is also quantified by applying four different ensemble methods: equal weighting, weighted mean (WM), reliability ensemble averaging (REA) and performance‐based ensemble averaging, after applying fourfold cross‐validation using observation and multi‐model‐simulated precipitation. The results indicate that the ensemble of simulated precipitation outperforms any single RCM in many aspects. Among the four ensemble approaches, the WM and REA methods show better skill in improving the simulation results, and are used for ensemble prediction of regional climate in Asia. Under the A1B scenario, the WM method estimates future precipitation change of approximately 0.2 mm day<SUP>−1</SUP> with less precipitation in northern and western China and northern India, and more precipitation in most other areas in Asia. The future annual precipitation will decrease by 0.1‐0.5 mm day<SUP>−1</SUP> in northern India, Pakistan and the central area of southern China. No significant change is found over eastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia, north‐central and western China.</P>
Synoptic-Scale Physical Mechanisms Associated with the Mei-yu Front: A Numerical Case Study in 1999
Nguyen Minh Truong,Vu Thanh Hang,Roger A. Pielke Sr.,Christopher L. Castro,Koji Dairaku 한국기상학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.48 No.4
The Mei-yu front system occurring from 23 to 27 June 1999 consists of the Mei-yu front and the dewpoint front, which confine a warm core extending from the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau to the west of 145oE. To further understand the synopticscale physical mechanisms associated with the Mei-yu front system,the present study proposes another insight into the physical significance of the x-component relative vorticity (XRV) whose vertical circulation is expected to tilt isentropic surfaces. The XRV equation diagnoses exhibit that the twisting effect of the planetary vorticity (TEPV) is positive along the Mei-yu front and negative in the dewpoint front region, and tilts isentropic surfaces from south to north in the Mei-yu frontal zone. Conversely, the meridional gradient of the atmospheric buoyancy (MGAB) tilts isentropic surfaces in the opposite direction and maintains negative in the regions where the TEPV is positive and vice versa. Thus, the TEPV plays the role of the Mei-yu frontogenesis, whereas the MGAB demonstrates the Meiyu frontolysis factor. Both terms control the evolution of the crossfront circulation. The other terms show much minor contributions in this case study. The present simulations also indicate that the weakening of the upper-level jet evidently induces the weakening of the Mei-yu front and reduces the amplitude of the East Asia cold trough. Furthermore, the impact can also penetrate into the lower troposphere in terms of mesoscale disturbances and precipitation,proving that the upper-level jet imposes a noticeable top-down influence on the Mei-yu front system.
the NB Heating Technology Group,Kojima, A.,Hanada, M.,Jeong, S.H.,Bae, Y.S.,Chang, D.H.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, K.W.,Park, M.,Jung, B.K.,Mogaki, K.,Komata, M.,Dairaku, M.,Kashiwagi, M.,Tobari, H.,Watanabe, K. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fusion engineering and design Vol.102 No.-
The long-pulse acceleration of the high-power positive ion beam has been demonstrated with the JT-60 positive ion source in the joint experiment among Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI) under the collaboration program for the development of plasma heating and current drive systems. In this joint experiment, the increase of the heat load and the breakdowns induced by the degradation of the beam optics due to the gas accumulation was one of the critical issues for the long-pulse acceleration. As a result of development of the long-pulse operation techniques of the ion source and facilities of the neutral beam test stand in KAERI, 2MW 100s beam has been achieved for the first time. The achieved beam performance satisfies the JT-60SA requirement which is designed to be a 1.94MW ion beam power from an ion source corresponding to total neutral beam power of 20MW with 24 ion sources. Therefore, it was found that the JT-60 positive ion sources were applicable in the JT-60SA neutral beam injectors. Moreover, because this ion source is planned to be a backup ion source for KSTAR, the operational region and characteristic has been clarified to apply to the KSTAR neutral beam injector.