Substitution effects of rice for corn grain in total mixed ration on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community in vitro

Daekyum Yoo,Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid,김한빈,문준범,Jaeyong Song,Seyoung Lee,Jakyeom Seo 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.5

This study determined the substitution effects of rice for corn as the main grain source in a total mixed ration (TMR). In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbes were assessed using two experimental diets. Diets included 33% dry matter (DM) of either corn (Corn TMR) or rice grains (Rice TMR). In a 48-h in vitro incubation, DM digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (IVNDFD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were estimated. Gas production has been calculated at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Our results indicate that the gas production, VFAs, IVDMD, and IVNDFD of Rice TMR were higher than those of Corn TMR (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH and total fungi were significantly higher in Corn TMR (p < 0.05) than in Rice TMR; however, NH3-N and IVCPD were not affected by treatment type. In conclusion, substituting rice for corn at 33% DM in TMR appears to have no negative effects on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Therefore, rice grains are an appropriate alternative energy source in early fattening stage diets of beef cattle.

Short Communication: Negative association between high temperature-humidity index and milk performance and quality in Korean dairy system: big data analysis

Dongseok Lee,Daekyum Yoo,Hye Ran Kim,서자겸 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk traits in South Korea using comprehensive data (dairy production and climate). The dataset for this study comprised 1,498,232 test-day records for milk yield, fat- and protein-corrected milk, fat yield, protein yield, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell score (SCS) from 215,276 Holstein cows (primiparous: n = 122,087; multiparous: n = 93,189) in 2,419 South Korean dairy herds. Data were collected from July 2017 to April 2020 through the Dairy Cattle Improvement Program, and merged with meteorological data from 600 automatic weather stations through the Korea Meteorological Administration. The segmented regression model was used to estimate the effects of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk traits and elucidate the break point (BP) of the THI. To acquire the least-squares mean of milk traits, the generalized linear model was applied using fixed effects (region, calving year, calving month, parity, days in milk, and THI). For all parameters, the BP of THI was observed; in particular, milk production parameters dramatically decreased after a specific BP of THI (p < 0.05). In contrast, MUN and SCS drastically increased when THI exceeded BP in all cows (p < 0.05) and primiparous cows (p < 0.05), respectively. Dairy cows in South Korea exhibited negative effects on milk traits (decrease in milk performance, increase in MUN, and SCS) when the THI exceeded 70; therefore, detailed feeding management is required to prevent heat stress in dairy cows.

반추위 삽입 센서를 활용한 육성기 홀스타인 거세우의 생리 상태 변화 평가

왕준호 ( Junho Wang ),유대겸 ( Daekyum Yoo ),서자겸 ( Jakyeom Seo ) 한국축산학회 2022 축산기술과 산업 Vol.9 No.1

In the last decade, the wireless biosensor technologies for cattle have been widely spread over the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of physiological state in Holstein growing steers using the rumen bolus sensor. A total of thirty-two Holstein young steers (219.48 ± 16.61 kg, 7.25 ± 0.40 months of age) were used and the rumen bolus was orally administered to each steer before conducting this experiment. The rumen bolus used in this study (Smart alyacⓇ, Hankook Iot Corp, Gimcheon, Korea) can measure not only body temperature (BT) but also moving behavior which was expressed as indices (moving index, MI). All steers equipped with the bolus sensor were housed in pens (4 animals per pen) and the sensor data were collected for 29 days. During experimental period, the average MI for the day (day: 0700-1900, night: 2000-0600) was significantly higher than that for the night (day: 111.10, night: 98.53, p < 0.0001), but the result of average BT was opposite (day: 39.04℃, night: 39.62℃, p < 0.0001). The average MI in animals having low average daily gain (ADG) was higher than those having high ADG (low ADG: 105.46, high ADG: 103.66, p < 0.0001) and average BT was the same (low ADG: 39.41℃, high ADG: 39.33℃, p < 0.0001). When the steers exposed to several stresses, the average MI was significantly lower than that in normal condition (normal: 117.40, stress: 109.88, p < 0.01). Stressed steers also showed increased BT compared to steers in normal condition (normal: 38.78℃, stress: 39.50℃, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, rumen bolus sensors, which generally used in cows to detect estrus, can be applied even to steers to detect the physiological changes rapidly in stressful environment.

Rumen fermentation, methane production, and microbial composition following in vitro evaluation of red ginseng byproduct as a protein source

Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid,문준범,Daekyum Yoo,김한빈,Yoo Kyung Lee,Jaeyong Song,Jakyeom Seo 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.6

The main objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate red ginseng byproduct (RGP) as a protein resource and its effects on rumen fermentation characteristics, microflora, CO2, and CH4 production in ruminants. Four treatments for in vitro fermentation using buffered rumen fluid over a 48 h incubation period were used: 1, RGP; 2, corn gluten feed (CGF); 3, wheat gluten (WG); and 4, corn germ meal. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), in vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids, pH, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were estimated after 48 h incubation. Gas production was investigated after 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. The CO2 and CH4 were evaluated after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. A significant difference in total gas production and CO2 emissions was observed (p < 0.01) at all incubation times. CH4 production in RGP were higher (p < 0.05) than that in other treatments but a higher CH4 portion in the total gas production was observed in WG (p < 0.05) at 48 h incubation. The IVDMD, IVNDFD, and IVCPD of RGP was lower than those of other conventional ingredients (p < 0.01). The RGP had the lowest NH3-N value among the treatments (p < 0.01). The RGP also had the lowest total VFA concentration (p < 0.01), but presented the highest acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio among the treatments (both, p < 0.01). The abundance of Prevotella ruminicola was higher in RGP than in WG (p < 0.01), whereas RGP has lower methanogenic archaea (p < 0.01). In conclusion, based on the nutritive value, IVDMD, low NH3-N, and decreased methanogenic archaea, RGP inclusion as a protein source in ruminant diets can be an option in replacing conventional feed sources.

Replacement of corn with rice grains did not alter growth performance and rumen fermentation in growing Hanwoo steers

Yang, Sungjae,Kim, Byeongwoo,Kim, Hanbeen,Moon, Joonbeom,Yoo, Daekyum,Baek, Youl-Chang,Lee, Seyoung,Seo, Jakyeom Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2

Objective: This study was realized to evaluate the nutritional value of rice grains as a replacement for corn grains in the diet of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: Two experimental diets were prepared: i) Corn total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of 20% corn grains and ii) Rice TMR consisting of 20% rice grains, in a dry matter (DM) basis. These treatments were used for in vitro rumen fermentation and in vivo growth trials. In the rumen fermentation experiment, the in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were estimated at 48 h, and the gas production was measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Twenty four growing Hanwoo steers (9 months old; body weight [BW]: 259±13 kg) were randomly divided into two treatment groups and the BW, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Results: The in vitro experiment showed that the IVDMD, IVCPD, and VFA production of the Rice TMR were higher than those of the Corn TMR (p<0.05). The growth trial showed no differences (p>0.05) in the final BW, ADG, DMI, and FCR between the two TMRs. Conclusion: The use of rice grains instead of corn grains did not exhibit any negative effects on the rumen fermentation or growth performance, thereby rice grains with a DM of less than 20% could be used as a starch source in the diet of growing steers.