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ACCESSIBLE PRE-DESIGN CALCULATION TOOL TO SUPPORT THE DEFINITION OF EV COMPONENTS
M. ROCHE,D. SABRIÀ,M. MAMMETTI 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.3
The new freedoms in design that electric powertrains offer lead to a wide variety of configurations to consider when developing an electric vehicle (EV) from scratch. Furthermore, the strong relation of the battery size with vehicle weight, range and performances leads to a set of interrelated dependencies that can result in many design loops to fulfil the vehicle targets, market constraints and regulations simultaneously. The paper presents a pre-design tool to assist the electric vehicle development process by representing the different constraints and the possible feasible solutions in a single plot with the need of a small amount of inputs accesible to assess at pre-design phase. As a result, the tool depicts a set of feasible vehicle configurations that could fulfil the targets easing the interaction and loops among different expertise areas. To better assist selection, it also provides a sensitivity analysis of the performances to selected inputs and the user can introduce a cost function depending on vehicle weight and battery size. The tool is based on the vehicle longitudinal dynamics equations and equations that model the market and regulations constraints. It is aimed at providing an overview of the main specifications for component selection avoiding detailed vehicle modelling in the early pre-design phase at which the vehicle characteristics and even powertrain architecture are unknown. Finally, the tool results quality is evaluated by further developing one of its solutions for passenger car in four different vehicle configurations with the simulation software vemSim and AVL Cruise. The results of the simulations are compared to the solution of the pre-design tool to evaluate the level of fidelity and the deviations in the final result that can appear depending on the final architecture, components characteristics and control strategy.
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Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Shahid, Muhammad,Ok, Yong Sik,Burton, Edward D.,Wang, Hailong,Shaheen, Sabry M.,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Lü,ttge, Andreas Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.232 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we examined the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) by perilla leaf-derived biochars produced at 300 and 700 °C (referred as BC300 and BC700) in aqueous environments. Results revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for As(III) and As(V) sorption, with the sorption affinity following the order: BC700-As(III) > BC700-As(V) > BC300-As(III) > BC300-As(V) (<I>Q</I> <SUB> <I>L</I> </SUB> = 3.85–11.01 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>). In general, As removal decreased (76–60%) with increasing pH from 7 to 10 except for the BC700-As(III) system, where notably higher As removal (88–90%) occurred at pH from 7 to 9. Surface functional moieties contributed to As sequestration by the biochars examined here. However, significantly higher surface area and aromaticity of BC700 favored a greater As removal compared to BC300, suggesting that surface complexation/precipitation dominated As removal by BC700. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy demonstrated that up to 64% of the added As(V) was reduced to As(III) in BC700- and BC300-As(V) sorption experiments, and in As(III) sorption experiments, partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) occurred (37–39%). However, XANES spectroscopy was limited to precisely quantify As binding with sulfur species as As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>-like phase. Both biochars efficiently removed As from natural As-contaminated groundwater (As: 23–190 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP>; <I>n</I> = 12) despite in the presence of co-occurring anions (e.g., CO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>) with the highest levels of As removal observed for BC700 (97–100%). Overall, this study highlights that perilla leaf biochars, notably BC700, possessed the greatest ability to remove As from solution and groundwater (drinking water). Significantly, the integrated spectroscopic techniques advanced our understanding to examine complex redox transformation of As(III)/As(V) with biochar, which are crucial to determine fate of As on biochar in aquatic environments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BC700 (high temperature) perilla leaf biochar removed more arsenite at pH 7–9 than BC300 (low temperature). </LI> <LI> Langmuir model efficiently delineated sorption affinity for arsenite and arsenate, notably by BC700. </LI> <LI> FTIR spectroscopy and elemental maps indicated arsenic association with surface functional groups. </LI> <LI> XANES spectroscopy revealed redox transformation/fate of arsenite and arsenate on biochars. </LI> <LI> Both biochars depleted arsenic in groundwater, with slightly higher removal by BC700. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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The Role of Extra-Anatomic Bypass in the Surgical Treatment of Acute Abdominal Aortic Occlusion
Gokhan Ilhan,Şahin Bozok,Şaban Ergene,Sedat Ozan Karakisi,Nebiye Tufekci, M.D.,Hızır Kazdal,Sabri Ogullar,Seref Alp Kucuker 대한흉부외과학회 2015 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.48 No.3
Background: Aortic occlusion is rare catastophic pathology with high rates of mortality and severe morbidity. In this study, we aimed to share our experience in the management of aortic occlusion and to assess the outcomes of extra-anatomic bypass procedures. Methods: Eighteen patients who had undergone extra-anatomic bypass interventions in the cardiovascular surgery department of our tertiary care center between July 2009 and May 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were preoperatively assessed with angiograms (conventional, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance angiography) and Doppler ultrasonography. Operations consisted of bilateral femoral thromboembolectomy, axillo-bifemoral extra-anatomic bypass and femoropopliteal bypass and were performed on an emergency basis. Results: In all patients during early postoperative period successful revascularization outcomes were obtained; however, one of these operated patients died on the 10th postoperative due to multiorgan failure. The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 21.2±9.4 months (range, 6 to 36 months). Amputation was not warranted for any patient during postoperative follow-up.. Conclusion: To conclude, acute aortic occlusion is a rare but devastating event and is linked with substantial morbidity and mortality in spite of the recent advances in critical care and vascular surgery. Our results have shown that these hazardous outcomes may be minimized and better rates of graft patency may be achieved with extra-anatomic bypass techniques tailored according to the patient.
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