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Jemima Grace D. Fronda(Jemima Grace D. Fronda ),Mel Michel G. Villaluz(Mel Michel G. Villaluz ),Cristina M. Cruz-Urbi(Cristina M. Cruz-Urbi ) 대한소아신경학회 2022 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Purpose: Intravenous phenobarbital has not been available at our institution since 2019. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of oral phenobarbital loading at a dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg to achieve therapeutic serum levels and clinical seizure control in pediatric patients with acute repetitive seizures. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center review of the medical records of pediatric patients admitted for acute repetitive seizures (from January 2019 to June 2022) at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center who were given an oral phenobarbital loading dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg with serum level measurements taken within 48 hours after oral loading. Results: Eleven patients were given a single oral phenobarbital loading dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg, while 14 were given two doses of 10 mg/kg 12 hours apart. All 25 patients achieved therapeutic serum levels within 48 hours post-loading. Higher serum levels were seen at 48 hours (median, 19.8 μg/mL at 24 hours vs. 24.4 μg/mL at 48 hours). This difference was statistically significant at 5% (P=0.023), and the majority achieved adequate seizure control without requiring additional anti-seizure medications (76%). Transient drowsiness was the most commonly documented adverse effect. Conclusion: Oral loading of phenobarbital at a dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg given as a single dose or in two divided doses is an effective and safe alternative to achieve therapeutic serum levels and adequate clinical seizure control at 24 hours post-loading. This may be a promising and useful intervention at centers without available intravenous phenobarbital.
Albuquerque Francieli Marcelino dos Santos,de Almeida Welton Aaron,Ferreira Elaine Cristina Batista,do Nascimento Deividy Vicente,Nova Isabella Coimbra Vila,Cruz Glaucilane dos Santos,Teixeira Alvaro 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect whose control mainly involves the use of synthetic insecticides that can be highly toxic to non-target organisms and lead to the se lection of resistant populations. This work reports the effects of the saline extract of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes (CE) on the feeding survival and midgut morphophysiology of S. frugiperda third instar caterpillars. CE exerted a phagostimulant effect to the caterpillars but was not able to kill them. Despite of this, the midguts of caterpillars treated with CE (12.8 mg/g) showed intense disorganization of epithelium, vacuolation of the cytoplasm of columnar cells and increased size of goblet cells, as well as absence of the peritrophic membrane. The caterpillars treated with CE showed a reduction in the amount of neutral polysaccharides and protein content at the midgut epithelial cells. Together these data may indicate that the ingestion of CE in higher concentrations or by a longer period would lead the caterpillars to death or to damage in development. In conclusion, CE ingestion resulted in damage to the midgut morphology of caterpillars, with a reduction in carbohydrate and protein content.
Phenomenology of high-ozone episodes in NE Spain
Querol, Xavier,Gangoiti, Gotzon,Mantilla, Enrique,Alastuey, André,s,Minguilló,n, Maria Cruz,Amato, Fulvio,Reche, Cristina,Viana, Mar,Moreno, Teresa,Karanasiou, Angeliki,Rivas, Ioar,P&eacut Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.4
<P>Abstract. Ground-level and vertical measurements (performed using tethered and non-tethered balloons), coupled with modelling, of ozone (O3), other gaseous pollutants (NO, NO2, CO, SO2) and aerosols were carried out in the plains (Vic Plain) and valleys of the northern region of the Barcelona metropolitan area (BMA) in July 2015, an area typically recording the highest O3 episodes in Spain. Our results suggest that these very high O3 episodes were originated by three main contributions: (i) the surface fumigation from high O3 reservoir layers located at 1500-3000 m a.g.l. (according to modelling and non-tethered balloon measurements), and originated during the previous day(s) injections of polluted air masses at high altitude; (ii) local/regional photochemical production and transport (at lower heights) from the BMA and the surrounding coastal settlements, into the inland valleys; and (iii) external (to the study area) contributions of both O3 and precursors. These processes gave rise to maximal O3 levels in the inland plains and valleys northwards from the BMA when compared to the higher mountain sites. Thus, a maximum O3 concentration was observed within the lower tropospheric layer, characterised by an upward increase of O3 and black carbon (BC) up to around 100-200 m a.g.l. (reaching up to 300 µg m−3 of O3 as a 10 s average), followed by a decrease of both pollutants at higher altitudes, where BC and O3 concentrations alternate in layers with parallel variations, probably as a consequence of the atmospheric transport from the BMA and the return flows (to the sea) of strata injected at certain heights the previous day(s). At the highest altitudes reached in this study with the tethered balloons (900-1000 m a.g.l.) during the campaign, BC and O3 were often anti-correlated or unrelated, possibly due to a prevailing regional or even hemispheric contribution of O3 at those altitudes. In the central hours of the days a homogeneous O3 distribution was evidenced for the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere, although probably important variations could be expected at higher levels, where the high O3 return strata are injected according to the modelling results and non-tethered balloon data. Relatively low concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) were found during the study, and nucleation episodes were only detected in the boundary layer. Two types of O3 episodes were identified: type A with major exceedances of the O3 information threshold (180 µg m−3 on an hourly basis) caused by a clear daily concatenation of local/regional production with accumulation (at upper levels), fumigation and direct transport from the BMA (closed circulation); and type B with regional O3 production without major recirculation (or fumigation) of the polluted BMA/regional air masses (open circulation), and relatively lower O3 levels, but still exceeding the 8 h averaged health target. To implement potential O3 control and abatement strategies two major key tasks are proposed: (i) meteorological forecasting, from June to August, to predict recirculation episodes so that NOx and VOC abatement measures can be applied before these episodes start; (ii) sensitivity analysis with high-resolution modelling to evaluate the effectiveness of these potential abatement measures of precursors for O3 reduction. </P>
Salvador Israel Macías-Hernández,Juan Daniel Morones-Alba,Irene Tapia-Ferrusco,Oscar Benjamín Vélez-Gutiérrez,Cristina Hernández-Diaz,Tania Inés Nava-Bringas,Eva Cruz-Medina,Lya Contreras-del Toro,Ma. 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.1
Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up peri-ods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dys-function at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.