http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Lauren McCoy Coffey 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2024 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.9 No.2
The visibility of transgender athletes in elite sport recently prompted concern surrounding the potential competitive advantages for transgender women who underwent through male puberty before transitioning. In the United States, several states passed legislation banning transgender women from high school and/or college sport for the purpose of removing this advantage and keeping sport equitable for cisgender women. While these laws seek to protect women’s sports, does the exclusion of transgender athletes from sports connected to their chosen gender identity lead to another form of sex discrimination? This paper addresses the legality of transgender participation bans and related lawsuits. As these legislative changes and the lawsuits challenging them are on-going, this paper presents a snapshot and assessment of these policies in the United States in 2021, whether they are likely to withstand challenge under the current legal system, and how sport organizations may respond when the law is not clear.
Choi, Dooho,Liu, Xuan,Schelling, Patrick K.,Coffey, Kevin R.,Barmak, Katayun American Institute of Physics 2014 Journal of Applied Physics Vol.115 No.10
<P>The impact of electron scattering at surfaces and grain boundaries in nanometric polycrystalline tungsten (W) films was studied. A series of polycrystalline W films ranging in thickness from 10 to 310 nm and lateral grain size from 74 to 133 nm were prepared on thermally oxidized Si. The Fuchs-Sondheimer surface-scattering model and Mayadas-Shatzkes grain-boundary scattering model were employed for quantitative analyses. Predictions from the theoretical models were found to deviate systematically from the experimental data. Possible reasons for the failure of the theoretical models to describe the experimental data are explored. Finally, a discussion of the crucial features lacking from existing models is presented, along with possible avenues for improving the models to result in better agreement with experimental data. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
Kang, Ju-Hee,Mollenhauer, Brit,Coffey, Christopher S.,Toledo, Jon B.,Weintraub, Daniel,Galasko, Douglas R.,Irwin, David J.,Van Deerlin, Vivianna,Chen-Plotkin, Alice S.,Caspell-Garcia, Chelsea,Walig&oa Springer-Verlag 2016 Acta neuropathologica Vol.131 No.6
<P>The development of biomarkers to predict the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) from its earliest stage through its heterogeneous course is critical for research and therapeutic development. The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study is an ongoing international multicenter, prospective study to validate biomarkers in drug-na < ve PD patients and matched healthy controls (HC). We quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), amyloid-beta1-42 (A beta(1-42)), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau) in 660 PPMI subjects at baseline, and correlated these data with measures of the clinical features of these subjects. We found that CSF alpha-syn, t-tau and p-tau levels, but not A beta(1-42), were significantly lower in PD compared with HC, while the diagnostic value of the individual CSF biomarkers for PD diagnosis was limited due to large overlap. The level of alpha-syn, but not other biomarkers, was significantly lower in PD patients with non-tremor-dominant phenotype compared with tremor-dominant phenotype. In addition, in PD patients the lowest A beta(1-42), or highest t-tau/A beta(1-42) and t-tau/alpha-syn quintile in PD patients were associated with more severe non-motor dysfunction compared with the highest or lowest quintiles, respectively. In a multivariate regression model, lower alpha-syn was significantly associated with worse cognitive test performance. APOE epsilon 4 genotype was associated with lower levels of A beta(1-42), but neither with PD diagnosis nor cognition. Our data suggest that the measurement of CSF biomarkers in early-stage PD patients may relate to disease heterogeneity seen in PD. Longitudinal observations in PPMI subjects are needed to define their prognostic performance.</P>
Ménétrier’s Disease: Its Mimickers and Pathogenesis
Won Jae Huh,Robert J. Coffey,Mary Kay Washington 대한병리학회 2016 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.50 No.1
Ménétrier’s disease is a rare protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy. Histologically, it can be mistaken for other disorders showing hypertrophic gastropathy. The pathogenesis of Ménétrier’s disease is not fully understood; however, it appears that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, transforming growth factor alpha, contributes to the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this review, we will discuss disease entities that can mimic Ménétrier’s disease and the role of EGFR signaling in Ménétrier’s disease.