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Kim, Yong-Hae,Wardle Clem S. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2006 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.9 No.4
Two typical responses have been documented for flatfish when they encounter the ground gear of bottom trawls: herding response and falling back response. These two responses were analyzed from video recordings of fish and were characterized by time sequences for four parameters: swimming speed, angular velocity, acceleration, and distance between the fish and the ground gear. When flatfish displayed the falling-back response, absolute values of the three swimming parameters and their deviations were significantly higher than those during the herding response. However, the swimming parameters were not dependent on the distance between the flatfish and the ground gear, regardless of which response occurred. The dominant periods for most of the movement parameters ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 s, except that no periodicity was observed for swimming speed or angular velocity during the falling-back response. However, variations in the four parameters during the falling -back response revealed greater irregularity in periodicity and higher amplitudes. This complex behavior is best described as a chaos phenomenon' and is discussed as the building block for a model predicting the responses of flatfish to ground gear as part of the general understanding of the fish capture process.
Herding and escaping responses of juvenile roundfish to square mesh window in a trawl cod end
KIM, Yong-Hae,WARDLE, Clem S,AN, Young-Su Springer Japan KK 2008 Fisheries Science Vol.74 No.1
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>The movements of juvenile roundfish, mainly haddock <I>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</I> and whiting <I>Merlangius merlangus</I>, reacting to a square mesh window in the cod end of a bottom trawl were observed during fishing experiments in the North Sea. Two typical behavioral responses of roundfish are described as the herding response and the escaping response, which were analyzed from video recordings by time sequences of the movement parameters. It was found that most of the actively escaping fish approached the square mesh window at right angles by swimming straight ahead with very little change in direction, while most of the herded fish approached the net at obtuse angles and retreated by sharp turning. The herding and escaping responses showed significant difference when characterized by frequency distributions of swimming speed and angular velocity, and both responses showed large and irregular variations in swimming movement parameters like the panic erratic responses. It is concluded that an escaping or herding response to the square mesh window could be decided by an interaction between the predictable parameters that describe the stimuli of net and angular changes of fish response, such as approaching angle, turning angle and angular velocity.</P>
GLOBULAR AND OPEN CLUSTERS OBSERVED BY SDSS/SEGUE: THE GIANT STARS
Morrison, Heather L.,Ma, Zhibo,Clem, James L.,An, Deokkeun,Connor, Thomas,Schechtman-Rook, Andrew,Casagrande, Luca,Rockosi, Constance,Yanny, Brian,Harding, Paul,Beers, Timothy C.,Johnson, Jennifer A. American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astronomical journal Vol.151 No.1
<P>We present griz observations for the clusters M92, M13 and NGC 6791 and gr photometry for M71, Be 29 and NGC 7789. In addition we present new membership identifications for all these clusters, which have been observed spectroscopically as calibrators for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/SEGUE survey; this paper focuses in particular on the red giant branch stars in the clusters. In a number of cases, these giants were too bright to be observed in the normal SDSS survey operations, and we describe the procedure used to obtain spectra for these stars. For M71, we also present a new variable reddening map and a new fiducial for the gr giant branch. For NGC 7789, we derived a transformation from T-eff to g-r for giants of near solar abundance, using IRFM T-eff measures of stars with good ugriz. and 2MASS photometry and SEGUE spectra. The result of our analysis is a robust list of known cluster members with correctly dereddened and (if needed) transformed gr photometry for crucial calibration efforts for SDSS and SEGUE.</P>
THE RR LYRAE VARIABLES AND HORIZONTAL BRANCH OF NGC 6656 (M22)<sup>,</sup>
Kunder, Andrea,Stetson, Peter B.,Cassisi, Santi,Layden, Andrew,Bono, Giuseppe,Catelan, Má,rcio,Walker, Alistair R.,Paredes Alvarez, Leonardo,Clem, James L.,Matsunaga, Noriyuki,Salaris, Maurizio American Institute of Physics 2013 The Astronomical journal Vol.146 No.5
<P>The first calibrated broadband UBVI time-series photometry is presented for the RR Lyrae variable stars in NGC 6656 (M22), with observations spanning a range of 22 years. We have also redetermined the variability types and periods for the RR Lyrae stars identified previously by photographic observations, revising the number of fundamental-mode RR Lyrae variables (RR0) to 10 and the number of first-overtone variables (RR1) to 16. The mean periods of the RR0 and RR1 variables are 〈P〉<SUB>RR0</SUB> = 0.66 ± 0.02 days and 〈P〉<SUB>RR1</SUB> = 0.33 ± 0.01 days, respectively, supporting an Oosterhoff II classification for the cluster. The number ratio of RR1-type to all RR-type variables is N<SUB>1</SUB>/N<SUB>RR</SUB> = 0.61, also consistent with an Oosterhoff II designation. Both the RR Lyrae stars' minimum light colors and the blue edge of the RR Lyrae instability strip suggest E( B – – V) = 0.36 ± 0.02 mag toward M22. Regarding the HB morphology of M22, we find (B-R)/(B+V+R) = +0.97 ± 0.1 and at least one 'gap' located in an unusual part of the blue HB, in the middle of the so-called hot HB stars.</P>