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      • KCI등재

        능력, 성공보수, 그리고 쌍방대리인 경합

        선석민(Seok-Min Sun),Chunlian Shen,Xu Li,박성훈(Sung-Hoon Park) 한국산업경제학회 2012 산업경제연구 Vol.25 No.3

        본 연구는 당사자들이 경합(contest)에 직접 참여하는 경우에 얻을 수 있는 기대이익과 대리인을 고용하여 경합에 참여하는 경우에 얻을 수 있는 기대이익을 비교한다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 당사자가 능력이 낮은 대리인을 고용하는 경우에도 자신의 기대이익을 증가시킬 수 있는지에 대해 검증하는 것 이다. 이를 위해, 우선 당사자 경합 모형에서 각 당사자의 기대이익을 유도한다. 다음으로 2단계 하부 게임을 고려한 쌍방대리인 경합 모형을 사용하여, 당사자의 기대이익을 유도한다. 본 연구의 주요 결론은 다음과 같다: 당사자는 경쟁자의 대리인에 비해 능력이 낮은 대리인을 고용하는 경우에도 자신의 기대이익을 증가시킬 수 있다. We explore whether a player's expected payoff can be increased when he hires a delegate who has less ability than his opponent's delegate. As a benchmark, we first consider a contest with no-delegation and derive players' expected payoffs. Next, we consider bilateral-delegation contests, where a delegate wins contingent fees if she wins a prize on his behalf. We derive expected payoffs for the players. Then, we examine the expected payoffs in two cases: the contest with no-delegation and the contest with bilateral delegation. We show a player can increase his expected payoff even if he hires a delegate who has less ability than his opponent's delegate.

      • KCI등재

        Sedimentary characteristics and palaeoclimatic significance of glauberite in Paleocene lacustrine deposits of the Jiangling Depression, central China

        Xiaocan Yu,Chenglin Liu,Chunlian Wang,Jiuyi Wang,Haiming Xu,Haonan Li 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.3

        The Paleocene sedimentary sequence in the Jiangling Depression was deposited in a salt lake environment. Based on detailed core observation of four drillholes in the Jiangling Depression, a study of sedimentary characteristics of glauberite in Paleocene lacustrine deposits was conducted through thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This study has revealed five types of geological occurrences and six types of profile distribution features of glauberite. On the basis of petrological and mineralogical characteristics, we propose that the glauberite is mainly formed by crystallization from saturated sulfate solution and by ion exchange between sulfate solution and calcium-bearing pore solution. Glauberite mainly occurs in the late stage of Paleocene, when brine is relatively highly concentrated. Replacement of gypsum by glauberite is subordinate. The depositional model of glauberite is also discussed. The sulphur isotopic values δ34S) and the strontium ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of the sulphate suggest a non-marine brine supply. The profile distribution features of glauberite contribute to a better understanding of the past climate change. The glauberite in Late Paleocene is frequently interbedded with dolomite, anhydrite, halite or thenardite, suggesting fluctuation of lake water salinity and climate. Trace element compositions of the mudstones imply the reducing condition and fluctuating salinity. The Homogenization temperatures and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic values (δDSMOW and δ18OSMOW) in halite and thenardite inclusions further indicate that in Paleocene the temperature was relatively high and fluctuant. Moreover, the palaeoclimate was drier in the late stage of Late Paleocene, though the temperature was cooler/lower.

      • KCI등재

        Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Dipyridamole: Preparation and Evaluation

        Feng Guo,Haijun Zhong,Jing He, Baogang Xie,Fen Liu, Helin Xu,Minmin Liu,Chunlian Xu 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.7

        Dipyridamole shows poor and variable bioavailability after oral administration due to pHdependent solubility, low biomembrane permeability as well as being a substrate of P-glycoprotein. In order to improve the oral absorption of dipyridamole, a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for dipyridamole was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The optimum formulation was 18% oleic acid, 12% Labrafac lipophile WL 1349, 42% Solutol HS 15 and 28% isopropyl alcohol. It was found that the performance of self-microemulsification with the combination of oleic acid and Labrafac lipophile WL 1349 increased compared with just one oil. The results obtained from an in vitro dissolution assay indicated that dipyridamole in SMEDDS dissolved rapidly and completely in pH 6.8 aqueous media, while the commercial drug tablet was less soluble. An oral bioavailability study in rats showed that dipyridamole in the SMEDDS formulation had a 2.06-fold increased absorption compared with the simple drug suspension. It was evident that SMEDDS may be an effective approach to improve the oral absorption for drugs having pH-dependent solubility.

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