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Liu, Chune,Wu, Lele,Xue, Ying,Liu, Feng,Sun, Shan,Wang, Liming 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3
In this study, the total concentration and bioaccessibility of four metals (Zn, Se, Cd, Cu) in sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) before and after cooking were measured. The concentration of Zn, Se, Cd, and Cu were $22.24{\pm}0.75$, $0.75{\pm}0.06$, $0.32{\pm}0.07$, and $1.88{\pm}0.09mg/kg$ in raw cucumber, respectively. The contents of Zn, Se, and Cu in high-pressured samples were significantly higher than that in the raw sea cumber (p < 0.01). The levels of Cd were all decreased after three thermal treatments. The intake of Zn and Cu increased in sea cucumber cooked by all thermal processes. While the bioaccessibility of Se and Cd decreased after cooking. A significant correlation was observed between the concentration and bioaccessibility of minerals. These data provide useful information for dietary risk assessments of minerals in sea cucumbers.
Chune Liu,Lele Wu,Ying Xue,Feng Liu,Shan Sun,Liming Wang 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3
In this study, the total concentration and bioaccessibility of four metals (Zn, Se, Cd, Cu) in sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) before and after cooking were measured. The concentration of Zn, Se, Cd, and Cu were 22.24 ± 0.75, 0.75 ± 0.06, 0.32 ± 0.07, and 1.88 ± 0.09 mg/kg in raw cucumber, respectively. The contents of Zn, Se, and Cu in high-pressured samples were significantly higher than that in the raw sea cumber (p\0.01). The levels of Cd were all decreased after three thermal treatments. The intake of Zn and Cu increased in sea cucumber cooked by all thermal processes. While the bioaccessibility of Se and Cd decreased after cooking. A significant correlation was observed between the concentration and bioaccessibility of minerals. These data provide useful information for dietary risk assessments of minerals in sea cucumbers.
Paul Moon Sub Choi,Chune Young Chung,Kaun Y. Lee,Chang Liu 한국무역학회 2020 Journal of Korea trade Vol.24 No.1
Purpose – This study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice for Chinese firms, focusing on the agglomeration effect for firms of the same nationality. Design/methodology – The empirical data are China’s inward FDI from the top 19 economies (excluding tax havens and Taiwan) in terms of FDI during 1997–2015 and China’s outward FDI from the top 18 economies (excluding tax havens). This study uses a random effects generalized least squares model for panel data analysis. Findings – The results confirm that both host countries’ costs and market conditions and the degree of agglomeration affect these countries’ attractiveness for FDI inflows. Specifically, agglomeration has a significant effect on China’s inward and outward FDI. This study confirms that the agglomeration of firms of the same nationality has predictive power for multinational enterprises’ FDI location choices. The host countries’ real GDP and trade openness also positively affect FDI inflows. Interestingly, however, China’s production cost has a positive effect. Thus, inward FDI aimed at entering the Chinese market is increasing in recent years relative to the previous efficiency-seeking FDI. Inward FDI in China is therefore the market-entry type, whereas outward FDI by Chinese firms is the market-oriented type. Originality/value – These results suggest that the effects of the potential determinants of Chinese outward FDI are similar to those of inward FDI as China’s trade liberalization progresses.
Self-attribution of overconfident CEOs and asymmetric investment-cash flow sensitivity
Choi, Paul Moon Sub,Chung, Chune Young,Liu, Chang Elsevier 2018 NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Vol.46 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we examine whether overconfidence coupled with a self-attribution bias affects the investment decisions of top corporate managers. First, overconfidence of chief executive officers appears to lead to the downward rigidity of investment-cash flow sensitivity. Additionally, overconfidence intensified by managerial self-attribution exacerbates the stickiness of investment-cash flow sensitivity. These results hold in both financially unconstrained and constrained firms with stronger results in the former. Overall, our findings are in line with the literature that lends support to the excessive investment commitment of overconfident managers.</P>