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The Immune Landscape of Cancer
Thorsson, Vé,steinn,Gibbs, David L.,Brown, Scott D.,Wolf, Denise,Bortone, Dante S.,Ou Yang, Tai-Hsien,Porta-Pardo, Eduard,Gao, Galen F.,Plaisier, Christopher L.,Eddy, James A.,Ziv, Elad,Culhane, Elsevier 2018 Immunity Vol.48 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>We performed an extensive immunogenomic analysis of more than 10,000 tumors comprising 33 diverse cancer types by utilizing data compiled by TCGA. Across cancer types, we identified six immune subtypes—wound healing, IFN-γ dominant, inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologically quiet, and TGF-β dominant—characterized by differences in macrophage or lymphocyte signatures, Th1:Th2 cell ratio, extent of intratumoral heterogeneity, aneuploidy, extent of neoantigen load, overall cell proliferation, expression of immunomodulatory genes, and prognosis. Specific driver mutations correlated with lower (<I>CTNNB1</I>, <I>NRAS</I>, or <I>IDH1</I>) or higher (<I>BRAF</I>, <I>TP53</I>, or <I>CASP8</I>) leukocyte levels across all cancers. Multiple control modalities of the intracellular and extracellular networks (transcription, microRNAs, copy number, and epigenetic processes) were involved in tumor-immune cell interactions, both across and within immune subtypes. Our immunogenomics pipeline to characterize these heterogeneous tumors and the resulting data are intended to serve as a resource for future targeted studies to further advance the field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Six identified immune subtypes span cancer tissue types and molecular subtypes </LI> <LI> Immune subtypes differ by somatic aberrations, microenvironment, and survival </LI> <LI> Multiple control modalities of molecular networks affect tumor-immune interactions </LI> <LI> These analyses serve as a resource for exploring immunogenicity across cancer types </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Electrical Machines for High Speed Applications with a Wide Constant-Power Region Requirement
Gerada, David,Borg-Bartolo, David,Mebarki, Abdeslam,Micallef, Christopher,Brown, Neil L.,Gerada, Chris Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.3
This paper discusses the issues associated with the design of high speed machines for applications with a wide constant-power region requirement. Using described multi-domain design environments which put equal weight on the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical considerations, the suitability and power density achievable using Induction Machines (IM) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) are compared.
Sumon, Md Afsar Ahmed,Sumon, Tofael Ahmed,Hussain, Md. Ashraf,Lee, Su-Jeong,Jang, Won Je,Sharifuzzaman, S.M.,Brown, Christopher L.,Lee, Eun-Woo,Hasan, Md. Tawheed The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.6
The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.