Property Modification of Caseinate Responsible to Transglutaminase-induced Glycosylation and Crosslinking in the Presence of a Degraded Chitosan

Chang-Yue Zhu,Xiao-Peng Wang,Xin-Huai Zhao 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

Transglutaminase at a concentration of 10 kU/kg of protein and degraded chitosan were used for glycosylation and crosslinking of caseinate at a fixed molar ratio of the acyl acceptor to the acyl donor of 3:1, a protein concentration of 50 g/L, a pH 7.5 at 37oC, and a reaction time of 4 h. Electrophoretic and chemical analyses showed glycosylation and crosslinking of caseinate. Glycosylated and crosslinked caseinate (GC-caseinate) contained glucosamine at 12.77 g/kg of protein, and the protein fraction had fewer reactable amino groups than original caseinate (0.58 vs. 0.64 mol/kg of protein). GC-caseinate exhibited an enhanced surface hydrophobicity, in vitro digestibility, water-binding capacity, and rheological properties, with poor protein dispensability and emulsification activity, but a similar oilbinding capacity and emulsion stability, compared with original caseinate. GC-caseinate also exhibited better properties than transglutaminase-crosslinked caseinate. Glycosylation and crosslinking was effective for better water-binding and rheological properties of caseinate.

Toward a Profitable Grid-Connected Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage System for Residential Use

Zhu, Di,Yue, Siyu,Chang, Naehyuck,Pedram, Massoud IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of inte Vol.35 No.7

<P>Hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems have the potential to result in considerable cost savings by reducing the electric bills of home users. This paper first presents grid-connected dual-bank HEES system design and management to maximize the electric bill savings for residential users, and subsequently provides a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the economic feasibility of residential HEES systems. Specifically, the paper describes a daily management policy based on energy buffering strategy with one bank as the main storage bank and the other as the energy buffering bank, and then derive the global design of HEES specifications based on the daily management results. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of energy buffering strategy and show the proposed HEES system is capable of bringing in profits under current input variables. Finally, a detailed analysis is conducted to show how each input variable affects the final design of the proposed residential HEES system and the maximum annual profits it achieves. Together with the design and control mechanism, the proposed analysis provides potential customers with the comprehensive knowledge of how HEES systems can be deployed to achieve savings in their electric bills.</P>

Characteristics and Impact Factors of Renal Threshold for Glucose Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Xiao-Dan Yue,Jing-Yu Wang,Xin-Rong Zhang,Ju-Hong Yang,Chun-Yan Shan,Miao-Yan Zheng,Hui-Zhu Ren,Yi Zhang,Shao-Hua Yang,Zhen-Hong Guo,Bai Chang,Bao-Cheng Chang 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.4

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RTG) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RTG and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RTG was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RTG were investigated. The risk factors for high RTG were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RTG of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RTG. Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RTG (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RTG in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RTG is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

A Novel Selenium- and Copper-Containing Peptide with Both Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities

Xian Feng Zou,Yue Tong Ji,Gui Gao,Xue Jun Zhu,Shao Wu Lv,Fei Yan,Si Ping Han,Xing Chen,Chang Cheng Gao,Jun Qiu Liu,Gui Min Luo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

Self-bending extrusion molding of distorted channels

Fanlei Min,Huiping Liu,Guangming Zhu,Zheng Chang,Xujie Gao,Bowen Yue,Nana Guo,Xiaoqing Zhai 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.5

Using an integrated profile extrusion and bending forming process with a streamlined extrusion die, a new self-bending extrusion molding technology is proposed with an axis-distorted variable channel. By designing the streamlined extrusion die structure of the distorted central axis, the metal was made to flow non-uniformly in the die cavity, thereby directly extruding a bent profile. The central axis of the streamlined extrusion die is described by a trigonometric function and a Gaussian function. A numerical simulation was applied to analyze the metal flow pattern, equivalent strain, and strain-rate distribution during the self-bending extrusion process. The influences of the extrusion velocity and the addition of a bearing on the self-bending deformation profiles were investigated. During the extrusion process, the streamline at the center of the billet could describe the overall flow of the metal in the die cavity, and the distance between the point on the end face of the die outlet and the center of the die outlet directly determined the degree of extrusion and bending. The greater the distance was, the larger was the degree of bending. The metal strain on the convex edge of the die was greater than that on the concave edge of the die, with the extruded profile always bending toward the concave edge. The strain rate of the metal changed the fastest near the most convex point of the die. As the extrusion velocity increased or more bearings were added, the radius of curvature of the extruded profile increased nonlinearly.

A Mean Field Game-Theoretic Cross-Layer Optimization for Multi-Hop Swarm UAV Communications

Tong Li,Cong Li,Chungang Yang,Junqi Shao,Yue Zhang,Lei Pang,Lizhong Chang,Lingli Yang,Zhu Han 한국통신학회 2022 Journal of communications and networks Vol.24 No.1

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi-hop communicationnetworks are foreseen to be widely employed inboth military and civilian scenarios. However, in ultra-densescenarios with swarm UAVs, nodes are highly dynamic mobile,ultra-dense deployment and non-centralized distribution. Thesecharacteristics make the centralized resource management policynot apply. Meanwhile, existing routing protocols can’t meetthe performance challenges of high dynamic, topology and linkfrequency changes of ultra-dense scenarios with swarm UAVs. Tosolve the above challenges of resource management and routingprotocol, a cross-layer optimization method is presented witha novel mean field game (MFG) in this paper. It is based onthe cross-layer design method of the MFG theory and jointlyconsiders the power resources in the physical layer, frequencyresources in the medium access control (MAC) layer, and routingresources in the network layer. By dividing into subproblems,the original problem is solved. Meanwhile, the optimal datatransmission path can be selected through the management andallocation of frequency resources and power resources. A crosslayerresource management dynamic source routing (CLRMDSR)protocol is designed based on that which adds link qualitymeasurement. The simulation results show that the presentedCLRM-DSR with the proposed resource management schemecan improve the data packet transmission rate, reduce end-toenddelay, and lower routing overhead for the multi-hop swarmUAV communication network.