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Necessity of step-stress accelerated life testing experiment at higher steps
Chandra, N.,Khan, Mashroor Ahmad,Pandey, M. The Korean Reliability Society 2014 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.15 No.2
Accelerated life testing (ALT) is a well famous technique in life testing and reliability studies, this is particularly used to induce so high stress leading to failure of the highly reliable units quickly under stipulated duration of time. The step-stress ALT is one of the systematic experimental strategy of ALT applied to fail the units in steps. In this article we focus on two important issues (i) necessity of life tests at higher steps with relevant causes (ii) to develop a new optimum test plan for 3-step SSALT under the modified cumulative exposure model proposed by Khamis and Higgins (1998). It is assumed that the lifetime of test units follows Rayleigh distribution and its scale parameter at constant stress level is assumed to be a log-linear function of the stress. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters involved in the step-stress ALT model are obtained. A simulation study is performed for numerical investigation of the proposed new optimum plan 3-step, step-stress ALT. The necessity of the life test units at 3-step step-stress is also numerically examined in comparison to simple step-stress setup.
Bayesian reliability estimation of bivariate Marshal-Olkin exponential stress-strength model
Chandra, N.,Pandey, M. The Korean Reliability Society 2012 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.13 No.1
In this article we attempted reliability analysis of a component under the stress-strength pattern with both classical as well as Bayesian techniques. The main focus is made to develop the theory for dealing the reliability problems in various circumstances for bivariate environmental set up in context of Bayesian paradigm. A stress-strength based model describes the life of a component which has strength (Y) and is subjected to stress(X). We develop the Bayes and moment estimators of reliability of a component for each of the three possible conditions, under the assumption that the two stresses (i.e. $X_1$ and $X_2$) on a component are dependent and follow a Bivariate exponential (BVE) of Marshall-Olkin distribution, the strength of a component (Y) following exponential distribution is independent of the stresses. The simulation study is performed with Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique via Gibbs sampler to obtain the estimates of Bayes estimators of reliability, are compared with moment estimators of reliabilities on the basis of absolute biases.
Effect of Remote and Local Acupuncture Points on Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Comparative Study
Kumaresan Poorna Chandran,Prabu Poorna Chandran,Naveena Arumugam,Sendhilkumar Muthappan 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.1
Background: Periarthritis of shoulder is a painful condition of the shoulder, affecting 2-3% of the general population and 20% of diabetic patients. Acupuncture is a widely practiced traditional Chinese medicine. Recent evidence shows that it alleviates shoulder pain with different needling techniques. Objectives: The present study is to compare the efficacy of remote and local points on PAS. Methods: 60 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, remote acupuncture group (n = 30) and local acupuncture group (n = 30). Both groups were assessed at baseline and at the end of 12 sessions. Shoulder pain and its disability index (SPADI) and (ROM) were measured using goniometer. The intervention was given weekly thrice on alternate days for four weeks with 20 min for each session. Results: The result shows that both remote and local acupuncture points were beneficial in the pain management and rage of motion when compared within the group. The effects of acupuncture at remote acupoints were better than those at local acupoints in SPADI and ROM when compared between two groups. Conclusion: In treatment of periarthritis of shoulder remote acupuncture points may have higher therapeutic value when compared to local points.
Chandran, Girija Thesma,Jha, Gaurav,Qiao, Shaopeng,Le Thai, Mya,Dutta, Rajen,Ogata, Alana F.,Jang, Ji-Soo,Kim, Il-Doo,Penner, Reginald M. American Chemical Society 2017 Langmuir Vol.33 No.37
<P>The influence of hexamethylenetetraamine (HMTA) on the morphology of delta-MnO2 and its properties for electrical energy storage are investigated-specifically for ultrathick delta-MnO2 layers in the micron scale. Planar arrays of gold@delta MnO2, core@shell nanowires, were prepared by electrodeposition with and without the HMTA and their electrochemical properties were evaluated. HMTA alters the MnO2 in three ways: First, it creates a more open morphology for the MnO2 coating, characterized by 'petals' with a thickness of 6 to 9 nm, rather than much thinner delta-MnO2 sheets seen in the absence of HMTA. Second, the electronic conductivity of the delta-MnO2 is increased by an order of magnitude. Third, (delta-MnO2 prepared in HMTA shows a (001) interlayer spacing that is expanded by approximate to 30% possibly accelerating Li transport. The net effect of 'HTMA doping' is to dramatically improve high rate performance, culminating in an increase in the specific capacity for the thickest MnO2 shells examined here by a factor of 15 at 100 mV/s.</P>
Chandran, D.,Lee, K.M.,Chang, H.C.,Song, G.Y.,Lee, J.E.,Suh, H.,Kim, I. Elsevier Sequoia 2012 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.718 No.-
An electrophilic substitution-carbonylation reaction on phenylpyridine based on the concept of 'umpolung' was used to prepare a series of pyridine based carbonyl compounds and bispyridine derivatives. The key intermediate which enhances this reaction is a base aggregate formed by the association of BuLi with lithium 2-dimethylaminoethanolate (LiDMAE) which is stabilized in nonpolar solvents. The presence of polar chelating amides that are used as acyl donors was found to collapse the superbase aggregates liberating nucleophilic 'free' BuLi. These nucleophiles lead a classical nucleophilic reaction to introduce butyl tails on the pre-ligand molecules. Pyridine carbonyl compounds produced by these electrophilic substitution-carbonylation reactions, on treatment with 2,6-diisopropylaniline and (DME)NiBr<SUB>2</SUB> in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature, gave Ni(II) complexes in good yields in a one pot protocol. These complexes are active toward ethylene, producing selective dimerization and trimerization products.
( Chandran Sathesh-prabu ),( Jihoon Woo ),( Yuchan Kim ),( Suk Min Kim ),( Sun Bok Lee ),( Che Ok Jeon ),( Donghyuk Kim ),( Sung Kuk Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.7
Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomers of xylenes (BTEX) constitute a group of monoaromatic compounds that are found in petroleum and have been classified as priority pollutants. In this study, based on its newly sequenced genome, we reclassified the previously identified BTEX-degrading thermotolerant strain Ralstonia sp. PHS1 as Cupriavidus cauae PHS1. Also presented are the complete genome sequence of C. cauae PHS1, its annotation, species delineation, and a comparative analysis of the BTEX-degrading gene cluster. Moreover, we cloned and characterized the BTEX-degrading pathway genes in C. cauae PHS1, the BTEX-degrading gene cluster of which consists of two monooxygenases and meta-cleavage genes. A genome-wide investigation of the PHS1 coding sequence and the experimentally confirmed regioselectivity of the toluene monooxygenases and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase allowed us to reconstruct the BTEX degradation pathway. The degradation of BTEX begins with aromatic ring hydroxylation, followed by ring cleavage, and eventually enters the core carbon metabolism. The information provided here on the genome and BTEX-degrading pathway of the thermotolerant strain C. cauae PHS1 could be useful in constructing an efficient production host.
Chandran, Anil Kumar Nalini,Bhatnagar, Nikita,Yoo, Yo-Han,Moon, Sunok,Park, Sun-Ah,Hong, Woo-Jong,Kim, Beom-Gi,An, Gynheung,Jung, Ki-Hong Springer-Verlag 2018 Plant Molecular Biology Vol.96 No.1
<P>Although the genome of rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced, 14,365 genes are considered unannotated because they lack putative annotation information. According to the Rice Genome Annotation Project Database (http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/), the proportion of functionally characterized unannotated genes (0.35%) is quite limited when compared with the approximately 3.9% of annotated genes with assigned putative functions. Researchers require additional information to help them investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with those unannotated genes. To determine which of them might regulate morphological or physiological traits in the rice genome, we conducted a meta-analysis of expression data that covered a wide range of tissue/organ samples. Overall, 2020 genes showed cultivar-, tissue-, or organ-preferential patterns of expression. Representative candidates from featured groups were validated by RT-PCR, and the GUS reporter system was used to validate the expression of genes that were clustered according to their leaf or root preference. Taking a molecular and genetics approach, we examined meta-expression data and found that 127 genes were differentially expressed between japonica and indica rice cultivars. This is potentially significant for future agronomic applications. We also used a T-DNA insertional mutant and performed a co-expression network analysis of Sword shape dwarf1 (SSD1), a gene that regulates cell division. This network was refined via RT-PCR analysis. Our results suggested that SSD1 represses the expression of four genes related to the processes of DNA replication or cell division and provides insight into possible molecular mechanisms. Together, these strategies present a valuable tool for in-depth characterization of currently unannotated genes.</P>
Mutation Breeding of Mushroom by Radiation
Chandran Sathesh-Prabu,이영근 한국방사선산업학회 2011 방사선산업학회지 Vol.5 No.4
Mushrooms belonging to macrofungi have been consumed by humans for their nutritionaland medicinal values for centuries throughout the world. Mushroom farming is practiced in morethan 100 countries of the world, with production increasing at a rate of 7% per annum. High yieldand good quality are always the principal goals for agriculturally important crops, including mushrooms. Several breeding methods are employed for strain improvement such as mass selection basedon the natural chance mutation and induced mutation (mutation breeding), protoplast fusion technology,cross breeding and transgenic breeding. However, mutation breeding has shown prominentsuccess in crop plant improvement. Though several-hundred mutant crop varieties have beendeveloped around the world, the mutation breeding of mushrooms is limited. This review paperexplores the potential application of radiation on the development of mutant varieties of mushroomsfor breeding with desired traits such as better quality and productivity.