Steel nitriding optimization through multi-objective and FEM analysis

Cavaliere, Pasquale,Perrone, Angelo,Silvello, Alessio Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2016 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.3 No.1

Steel nitriding is a thermo-chemical process leading to surface hardening and improvement in fatigue properties. The process is strongly influenced by many different variables such as steel composition, nitrogen potential, temperature, time, and quenching media. In the present study, the influence of such parameters affecting physic-chemical and mechanical properties of nitride steels was evaluated. The aim was to streamline the process by numerical-experimental analysis allowing defining the optimal conditions for the success of the process. Input parameters-output results correlations were calculated through the employment of a multi-objective optimization software, modeFRONTIER (Esteco). The mechanical and microstructural results belonging to the nitriding process, performed with different processing conditions for various steels, are presented. The data were employed to obtain the analytical equations describing nitriding behavior as a function of nitriding parameters and steel composition. The obtained model was validated, through control designs, and optimized by taking into account physical and processing conditions.

Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Preoperative Systemic Therapies in Gastric Cancer

Cavaliere, Alessandro,Merz, Valeria,Casalino, Simona,Zecchetto, Camilla,Simionato, Francesca,Salt, Hayley Louise,Contarelli, Serena,Santoro, Raffaela,Melisi, Davide The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.4

Preoperative chemo- and radiotherapeutic strategies followed by surgery are currently a standard approach for treating locally advanced gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer in Western countries. However, in a large number of cases, the tumor is extremely resistant to these treatments and the patients are exposed to unnecessary toxicity and delayed surgical therapy. The current clinical trials evaluating the combination of preoperative systemic therapies with modern targeted and immunotherapeutic agents represent a unique opportunity for identifying predictive biomarkers of response to select patients that would benefit the most from these treatments. However, it is of utmost importance that these potential biomarkers are corroborated by extensive preclinical and translational research. The aim of this review article is to present the most promising biomarkers of response to classic chemotherapeutic, anti-HER2, antiangiogenic, and immunotherapeutic agents that can be potentially useful for personalized preoperative systemic therapies in gastric cancer patients.

Clavicle Fracture Site Surgical Contouring: A Case Report

Annachiara Cavaliere,Vincenzo Cepparulo,Giuseppe Pezone,Fabrizio Schonauer Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2024 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.51 No.1

Clavicle fractures are frequent injuries accounting for approximately 4% of all fractures in adults with about 35% occurring in the shoulder region among which midshaft fractures are the most common (>66%). Nonsurgical management is the treatment of choice for most clavicle fractures; however, poor functional and aesthetic outcomes may result from nonunion, symptomatic malunion, and aesthetic impairment which are the most common complications. A young woman was referred to our clinic for a "Step Deformity" resulting after primary, nonsurgical treatment of a midshaft clavicle fracture. Residual deformity was corrected with a novel simple and little invasive approach. Midshaft clavicle fractures typically only require conservative nonsurgical treatment, nevertheless suboptimal outcomes may occur. Selective osteotomies and fixation are deemed too invasive when only cosmetic impairment of the clavicle contour is present without any functional or sensitive damage and most patients are discouraged from undergoing surgery. Thus far, no specific focus on this topic, nor exploration of possible correction can be found in the published literature. These residual deformities may be very noticeable sometimes and cause psychological distress and social life impairment. Despite no related functional impairment, this deformity should still be addressed, to improve patients' quality of life.

Multiscale density estimation with errors in variables

Laurent Cavalier,Marc Raimondo 한국통계학회 2010 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.39 No.4

We present an adaptive method for density estimation when the observations X = (X1, . . . , Xn) are contaminated by additive errors Y = X + Z. The error distribution is not specified by the model but is estimated using repeated measurements (Yi)i=1,2,3of X. In this setting, we propose a wavelet method for density estimation which adapts both to the degree of ill posedness of the problem (smoothness of the error distribution)and to the regularity of the target density. Our method is implemented in the Fourier domain via a square-root transformation of the empirical characteristic function and yields fast translation invariant non-linear wavelet approximations with data-driven choices of fine tuning parameters. When the variable X is observed without errors our method provides a natural implementation of direct density estimation in the Meyer wavelet basis. We illustrate the adaptiveness properties of our estimator with a range of finite sample examples drawn from population with smooth and less smooth density functions.

Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Patients with Chest Pain in the Emergency Department

Joanna S. Cavalier,Igor Klem 한국심초음파학회 2021 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.29 No.2

Chest pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms in the emergency department (ED). Among patients with abnormal troponins, it is imperative to quickly and accurately distinguish type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from other etiologies of myocardial injury. Although high-sensitivity troponin assays introduced a high negative predictive value for AMI, they have exposed the need for diagnostic modalities that can determine the etiology of acute myocardial injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is an effective tool to risk stratifying chest pain among patients in the ED. CMR is non-invasive and has a lower cost of care and shorter length of stay compared to those of invasive coronary angiography. It also provides detailed information on cardiac morphology, function, tissue edema, and location and pattern of tissue damage that can help to differentiate many etiologies of cardiac injury. CMR is particularly useful to distinguish chest pain due to type 1 AMI versus supply-demand mismatch due to acute cardiac noncoronary artery disease. A detailed review of the literature has shown that CMR with stress testing is safe to use in patients presenting to the ED with chest pain, with or without abnormal troponins. CMR is a useful, safe, economical, and effective alternative to the traditional diagnostic tools that are typically used in this patient population. It is a practical tool to risk-stratify patients with possible cardiac pathology and to clarify diagnosis without invasive testing.

Exploring Renal Function Assessment: Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Focused on the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation

Pottel Hans,Delanaye Pierre,Cavalier Etienne 대한진단검사의학회 2024 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.44 No.2

Serum creatinine and serum cystatin C are the most widely used renal biomarkers for cal- culating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which is used to estimate the se- verity of kidney damage. In this review, we present the basic characteristics of these bio- markers, their advantages and disadvantages, some basic history, and current laboratory measurement practices with state-of-the-art methodology. Their clinical utility is described in terms of normal reference intervals, graphically presented with age-dependent refer- ence intervals, and their use in eGFR equations.

Letter to the Editor: Cancer Perceptions Among Smokeless Tobacco Users: A Qualitative Study of US Firefighters

Gao, Xiang,Deming, Nathan J.,Cavalier, Alyssa N. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2