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Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.,Kropa, Bob,Niemczyk, Neal,Moore, Kevin J.,Baum, Jeramy,Solle, Natasha Schaefer,Sterling, David A.,Kobetz, Erin N. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.3
Hazardous work zones (i.e., hot, warm, and cold) are typically established by emergency response teams during hazardous materials (HAZMAT) calls but less consistently for fire responses to segment personnel and response activities in the immediate geographic area around the fire. Despite national guidelines, studies have documented the inconsistent use of respiratory protective equipment by firefighters at the fire scene. In this case-series report, we describe warm zone gas levels using multigas detectors across five independent fire incident responses all occurring in a large South Florida fire department. Multigas detector data collected at each fire response indicate the presence of sustained levels of volatile organic compounds in the "warm zone" of each fire event. These cases suggest that firefighters should not only implement strategies for multigas detector use within the warm zone but also include respiratory protection to provide adequate safety from toxic exposures in the warm zone.
Green manure amendment enhances microbial activity and diversity in antibiotic-contaminated soil
Caban, Jiff Randy,Kuppusamy, Saranya,Kim, Jang Hwan,Yoon, Young-Eun,Kim, Song Yeob,Lee, Yong Bok Elsevier 2018 Applied soil ecology Vol.129 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The impacts of antibiotics on soil microbial activity and community structure are poorly understood. It is also important to identify strategies to reduce the problems that antibiotics inflict on soil biology. Hence, for the first time, this study investigated the effect of sulfathiazole (STZ) on soil microbial activity (measured in terms of dehydrogenase activity) and bacterial community structure (revealed by pyrosequencing analysis) in antibiotics contaminated soils (10 and 100 mg STZ kg<SUP>−1</SUP> soil), and treated with (in)organic amendments (NPK, compost and hairy vetch). Dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in the hairy vetch amended soils (with and without STZ). Pyrosequencing analysis revealed a concentration dependent impact of antibiotics on soil microbial richness and diversity. <I>Proteobacteria</I> and <I>Actinobacteria</I> were present in greater proportions even in soils with a high antibiotic concentration of 100 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>. With 10 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> STZ, the effect on microbial community richness and diversity was minimal. Meanwhile, with 100 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> STZ, the disappearance of <I>Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes</I> was observed. Even with a high antibiotic spiking concentration, a tremendous increase in the relative abundance of <I>Firmicutes</I> was seen in the hairy vetch amended soils which led to a considerably higher Gram-positive proportion than the compost and NPK treatments. We conclude that utilization of green manure (cover crop – hairy vetch) can be considered a viable strategy for safer crop production in antibiotic-contaminated soils. This is because it enhances soil microbial/enzyme activity, bacterial richness and diversity, notably the population of beneficial Gram-positive bacteria.</P>
Alberto J. Caban-Martinez,Bob Kropa,Neal Niemczyk,Kevin J. Moore,Jeramy Baum,Natasha Schaefer Solle,David A. Sterling,Erin N. Kobetz 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.3
Hazardous work zones (i.e., hot, warm, and cold) are typically established by emergency response teams during hazardous materials (HAZMAT) calls but less consistently for fire responses to segment personnel and response activities in the immediate geographic area around the fire. Despite national guidelines, studies have documented the inconsistent use of respiratory protective equipment by firefighters at the fire scene. In this case-series report, we describe warm zone gas levels using multigas detectors across five independent fire incident responses all occurring in a large South Florida fire department. Multigas detector data collected at each fire response indicate the presence of sustained levels of volatile organic compounds in the “warm zone” of each fire event. These cases suggest that firefighters should not only implement strategies for multigas detector use within the warm zone but also include respiratory protection to provide adequate safety from toxic exposures in the warm zone.
Park, Jungjin,Moon, Joonhee,Kim, Chunjoong,Kang, Jin Hyoun,Lim, Eunhak,Park, Jaesung,Lee, Kyung Jae,Yu, Seung-Ho,Seo, Jung-Hye,Lee, Jouhahn,Heo, Jiyoung,Tanaka, Nobuo,Cho, Sung-Pyo,Pyun, Jeffrey,Caban Nature Publishing Group 2016 NPG Asia Materials Vol.8 No.-
<P>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are expected to overcome the limit of current energy storage devices by delivering high specific energy with low material cost. However, the potential of Li-S batteries has not yet been realized because of several technical barriers. Poor electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the low electrical conductivity of the fully charged and discharged species, the irreversible loss of polysulfide anions and the decrease in the number of electrochemically active reaction sites during battery operation. Here, we report that the introduction of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) into the sulfur cathode dramatically enhanced sulfur/sulfide utilization, yielding high performance. In addition, the GQDs induced structural integrity of the sulfur-carbon electrode composite by oxygen-rich functional groups. This hierarchical architecture enabled fast charge transfer while minimizing the loss of lithium polysulfides, which is attributed to the physicochemical properties of GQDs. The mechanisms through which excellent cycling and rate performance are achieved were thoroughly studied by analyzing capacity versus voltage profiles. Furthermore, experimental observations and theoretical calculations further clarified the role played by GQDs by proving that C-S bonding occurs. Thus, the introduction of GQDs into Li-S batteries will provide an important breakthrough allowing their use as high-performance and low-cost batteries for next-generation energy storage systems.</P>