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You, Sung H.,Bunker, Linda K. 한국전문물리치료학회 2002 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.4
Lesch-Nyhan 증후군(LNS)은 hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyle transferase (HGPRT) 효소를 암호화 하는 X 염색체가 불완전해서 일어나는 유전적인 추제외로계(또는 기저핵)의 드문 병변이다. 출생시 LNS 유아는 정상적인 운동발달이 관찰되어진다. LNS에게서 현저하게 진단적인 특징으로 보여지는 운동심리적 행동인 self-mutilating 행위는 4살 이후에나 나타난다. LNS 아이들은 오히려 초기에 Rett's 증후근, 뇌성마비, 자폐, 다운증후근과 유사한 운동행위를 보인다. 그래서 LNS 아이들은 앞에 기술한 신경학적 장애로 오진을 받을 수가 있다. 오진으로 인해 초기에 적절한 치료를 받지 못한다면 LNS는 결과적으로 합병증(신장부전)과 self-mutilating 행위로 인하여 치명적일 수가 있다. 그러므로, 이 연구의 목적은 LNS 평가 동안 더 나은 진단을 하도록 하기 위하여 LNS와 관련된 기능부전에 대한 지식을 임상가들에게 제공하고자 함이었다. 연구 대상자는 10살인 2명의 쌍둥이 남아이었으며 실험은 뻗기 과제 수행 (reaching task)시 움직임 특성을 보기 위하여 운동형상학적과 비디오 분석을 사용하였다. 기술통계로 분석 결과 움직임 시간과 단위가 증가됨을 보였고 사지의 분절적 움직임이 협응되지 않음을 보였다. ballistic과 jerky 움직임 양상은 dysmetric과 비긴장성 운동 행위에서 우세하였다. LNS은 추체로계 운동 장애 (과근긴장도나 저긴장도) 와 추체외로계의 운동 장애 (dystonia와 choreoathetosis)의 혼합된 형태를 보였다. 결론으로 이 연구는 운동발달 장애를 가진 아이들을 치료하고자 할 때 임상가들한테 LNS 아이들의 움직임 장애의 다른 진단적 특징을 알아야 한다는 것을 제시하고자 한다.
G.T. Gujar,V. Kalia,G.K. Bunker,S. Dhurua 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.4
The impact of structured strip row refugia (varying from 10% to 50%) in the Bt cotton crops JKCH1947Bt (producing one toxin, Cry1Ac) and MRC7017BGII (producing two toxins, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) on the pest complex and cotton yield was studied. During the cropping season (June 2008 to November 2008), sucking pest incidence was negligible. However, the incidences of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, and the leafroller,Sylepta derogata, were high on the non-Bt cotton. The total cotton seed yield of the Bt crop plus the refuge decreased proportionately with respect to the increase in proportion of non-Bt cotton. Total cotton production decreased significantly when 40% non-Bt cotton was planted as refuge. These studies showed that a refuge of up to 30% non-Bt cotton in JKCH1947Bt and up to 20% non-Bt cotton in MRC7017Bt did not affect total seed cotton yield compared to 100% Bt cotton.
Bioreduction of Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate: Mechanisms and U(IV) Products
Rui, Xue,Kwon, Man Jae,O’Loughlin, Edward J.,Dunham-Cheatham, Sarrah,Fein, Jeremy B.,Bunker, Bruce,Kemner, Kenneth M.,Boyanov, Maxim I. American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.11
<P>The mobility of uranium (U) in subsurface environments is controlled by interrelated adsorption, redox, and precipitation reactions. Previous work demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized hydrogen uranyl phosphate (abbreviated as HUP) crystals on the cell walls of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>, a non-U<SUP>VI</SUP>-reducing, Gram-positive bacterium. The current study examined the reduction of this biogenic, cell-associated HUP mineral by three dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, <I>Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans</I> strain K, <I>Geobacter sulfurreducens</I> strain PCA, and <I>Shewanella putrefaciens</I> strain CN-32, and compared it to the bioreduction of abiotically formed and freely suspended HUP of larger particle size. Uranium speciation in the solid phase was followed over a 10- to 20-day reaction period by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and showed varying extents of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction to U<SUP>IV</SUP>. The reduction extent of the same mass of HUP to U<SUP>IV</SUP> was consistently greater with the biogenic than with the abiotic material under the same experimental conditions. A greater extent of HUP reduction was observed in the presence of bicarbonate in solution, whereas a decreased extent of HUP reduction was observed with the addition of dissolved phosphate. These results indicate that the extent of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction is controlled by dissolution of the HUP phase, suggesting that the metal-reducing bacteria transfer electrons to the dissolved or bacterially adsorbed U<SUP>VI</SUP> species formed after HUP dissolution, rather than to solid-phase U<SUP>VI</SUP> in the HUP mineral. Interestingly, the bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms were not immediately coordinated to other U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms (as in uraninite, UO<SUB>2</SUB>) but were similar in structure to the phosphate-complexed U<SUP>IV</SUP> species found in ningyoite [CaU(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O]. This indicates a strong control by phosphate on the speciation of bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP>, expressed as inhibition of the typical formation of uraninite under phosphate-free conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-11/es305258p/production/images/medium/es-2012-05258p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es305258p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kim, Ji Hoon,Kim, Chang Hyo,Yoon, Hyeonseok,Youm, Je Sung,Jung, Yong Chae,Bunker, Christopher E.,Kim, Yoong Ahm,Yang, Kap Seung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.3 No.39
<▼1><P>Electrochemically active binary metal oxide nanosheets on the surface of electrically conductive and porous carbon nanofibers exhibited a high pseudo-capacitive performance.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The hybridization of an electrochemically active metal oxide with electrically conductive carbon nanofibers (CNFs) has been utilized as a solution to overcome the energy density limitation of carbon-based supercapacitors as well as the poor cyclic stability of metal oxides. Herein, we have demonstrated the growth of binary metal oxide nanosheets on the engineered surface of CNFs to fully exploit their electrochemical activity. Metal oxide nanosheets were observed to grow vertically from the surface of CNFs. The high structural toughness of the CNF–metal oxide composite under strong sonication indicated strong interfacial binding strength between the metal oxide and the CNFs. The rationally designed porous CNFs presented a high specific surface area and showed high capacity for adsorbing metal ions, where the active edge sites acted as anchoring sites for the nucleation of metal oxides, thereby leading to the formation of a well dispersed and thin layer structure of binary metal oxide nanosheets. Excellent electrochemical performance (<I>e.g.</I>, specific capacitance of 2894.70 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> and energy density of 403.28 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) was observed for these binary metal oxide nanosheets, which can be attributed to the large increase in the accessible surface area of the electrochemically active metal oxide nanosheets due to their homogeneous distribution on porous CNFs, as well as the efficient charge transfer from the metal oxide to the CNFs facilitated the improvement in the performance.</P></▼2>