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- 저자 : Brima, Eid I. (검색결과 4 건)
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Brima, Eid I. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.10
Objective: The use of Shamma (smokeless tobacco) by certain groups is giving rise to health problems, including cancer, in parts of Saudi Arabia. Our objective was to determine metals levels in Shamma using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: Thirty-three samples of Shamma (smokeless tobacco) were collected, comprising four types: brown Shamma (n = 14.0), red Shamma (n = 9.0), white Shamma (n = 4.0), and yellow Shamma (n = 6.0). All samples were collected randomly from Shamma users in the city of Najran. Levels of 11 elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by ICP-MS. Results: A mixed standard (20 ppb) of all elements was used for quality control, and average recoveries ranged from 74.7% to 112.2%. The highest average concentrations were found in the following order: Al ($598.8-812.2{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($51.0-80.6{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($23.2-53.3{\mu}g/g$) in all four Shamma types. The lowest concentrations were for As ($0.7-1.0{\mu}g/g$) and Cd ($0.0-0.06{\mu}g/g$). Conclusions: The colour of each Shamma type reflects additives mixed into the tobacco. Cr and Cu were showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among Shamma types. Moreover, Pb levels are higher in red and yellow Shamma, which could be due to use (PbCrO4) as yellow colouring agent and lead tetroxide, Pb3O4 as a red colouring agent. The findings from this study can be used to raise public awareness about the safety and health effects of Shamma, which is clearly a source of oral exposure to metals.
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Dining with the Dragon: Africa`s Pick from the Table
( Brima Patrick Kapuwa ) 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2010 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.25 No.2
The debate on Sino-African relations remains a contentious topic especially when there has not been much breakthrough as to which generally acceptable theoretical perspective, can such a dissimilar relationship offer. Interdependent as they may be, yet the disparities among them from asymmetric view point has led to the diverse differences in perspective between a more powerful China and less powerful Africa, hence the strong presence of misperception and misunderstanding that may lead to conflict of interest. Consequently however, China adopts a soft power approach with a continent that have had centuries of engagement with Western powers, to an extent of been preferred over her Western counterparts. This work therefore analysis a mutually beneficial relationship with a rising China and Africa`s cautious path to follow.
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Dining with the Dragon: Africa`s Pick from the Table
( Brima Patrick Kapuwa ) 조선대학교 동북아연구소(구 통일문제연구소) 2010 동북아연구 Vol.25 No.2
The debate on Sino-African relations remains a contentious topic especially when there has not been much breakthrough as to which generally acceptable theoretical perspective, can such a dissimilar relationship offer. Interdependent as they may be, yet the disparities among them from asymmetric view point has led to the diverse differences in perspective between a more powerful China and less powerful Africa, hence the strong presence of misperception and misunderstanding that may lead to conflict of interest. Consequently however, China adopts a soft power approach with a continent that have had centuries of engagement with Western powers, to an extent of been preferred over her Western counterparts. This work therefore analysis a mutually beneficial relationship with a rising China and Africa`s cautious path to follow.
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Identity and Interventions in Conflict Resolution: A Focus on ECOWAS in West African Conflicts
( Patrick Kapuwa Brima ),( Myung Sik Ham ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2011 서석사회과학논총 Vol.4 No.2
오늘 날 서부 아프리카 국가들의 단합과 공통된 목표 추구를 방해하는 가장 중요한 요인은 서구 제국주의 강점기 시절 피지배 국가들 사이에 형성된 차별적 정체성에서 기인하는 갈등과 대립이다. 식민지배 국가간의 정체성이란 강대국의 지배논리를 강화하고 이들의 이익을 고취시키기 위해 만들어진 식민지 전통과 규범으로, 각 국가별 그룹을 지배한 제국주의 모국의 정치질서, 사회제도, 문화적 영향을 의미하고 있다. 이 시기에 형성된 국가간 그룹별 정체성은 1980년대와 1990년대 발생한 시에라리온, 리베리아, 아이보리코스트, 베냉의 위기를 관리하는 과정에서 국가간 협력을 저해하는 결정적인 요소로 작용하였다. 본 논문은 서부아프리카경제공동체(ECOWAS)에 의해 형성된 서부아프리카다자적군사협력체(ECOMOG)의 경험을 바탕으로 식민지배 기간 동안 형성된 국가간 그룹별 정체성의 원인과 과정을 밝히는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. Sub-regional polities in West Africa remain a complex dynamics to manage especially when what characterizes its composition revolves on divisions along normative and colonial orientations divided by former powers, which explains why these countries identify themselves along such colonial blocs. If such complex groupings identify themselves with a common regime and goal of achieving peace and stability, it remains inevitable that their distinguishing features will impede attempts to achieve such common goals. When conflict broke out within the West African sub-region in the mid 1980s and early 1990s, this constructivist orientation could not be suppressed. A range of interventions were designed for the crisis in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Benin but a major hindrance in achieving their desired goal was, the double standard and selfish interests that characterizes the actions of member states in contributing troops and funds for military actions. This paper seeks to explore those motivating factors that may have led to the various identification with and intervention into the various conflicts using the sub-regional monitoring group, ECOMOG.
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