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Marker Genes for in Vitro Selection of Transgenic Plants
Brasileiro, Ana C.M.,Aragao, Francisco J.L. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2001 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.3 No.3
The use of a marker gene in a transformation process aims to give a selective advantage to the transformed cells, allowing them to grow faster and better, and to kill the non-transformed cells. In general, the selective gene is introduced into plant genome along with the genes of interest. In some cases, the marker gene can be the gene of interest that will confer an agronomic characteristic, such as herbicide resistance. In this review we list and discuss the use of the most common selective marker genes on plant transformation and the effects of their respective selective agents. These genes could be divided in categories according their mode of action: genes that confer resistance to antibiotics and herbicides; and genes for positive selection. The contention of the marker gene flow through chloroplast transformation is further discussed. Moreover, strategies to recover marker-free transgenic plants, involving multi-auto-transformation (MAT), co-transformation, site specific recombination and intragenomic relocation of transgenes through transposable elements, are also reviewed.
Bernardo Ferreira Brasileiro,Joseph E. Van Sickels,Larry L. Cunningham Jr. 대한구강악안면외과학회 2020 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Orbital floor blowout fractures can result in a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the severity of the bone defect. Large defects often result in enophthalmos and restriction of ocular movement; yet the timing of surgery can be delayed up to two weeks with good functional outcomes. In contrast, an orbital trapdoor defect with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle usually elicits pain with marked restriction of the upward gaze and activation of the oculocardiac reflex without significant dystopia or enophthalmos. When autonomic cardiac derangement is diagnosed along with an orbital floor fracture, it has been suggested that the fracture should be treated immediately. Otherwise, it will result in continued hemodynamic instability and muscular injury and may require a second surgery. This article reports the management of an unusual presentation of a trapdoor blowout orbital floor fracture surgery with oculocardiac response in an adult, with emphasis on its pathophysiology, management, and differential diagnosis.
Paiva Aline Lariessy Campos,Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de,Flores Juan Antonio Castro,Veiga José Carlos Esteves 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2021 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.23 No.3
Blood Blister-like aneurysms are intracranial non-saccular aneurysms with higher rupture risk due to its fragile wall. Diagnosis is performed in the acute phase of a subarachnoid hemorrhage. There are several treatment options based on reconstructive or deconstructive techniques. This paper aims to discuss the limitations of microsurgery clipping for a ruptured blister aneurysm. We report on a case of a female patient presented with a Fisher III subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed an internal carotid artery blister aneurysm. Initially microsurgery clipping was successfully performed. However, after a few days the patient presented new subarachnoid hemorrhage. The new cerebral angiography showed growth of the previously clipped aneurysm, with displacement of the clip from the position adjacent to the artery. High-flow bypass was performed obtaining definitive treatment. This is a definitive approach for blister aneurysms. If microsurgery clipping is chosen, a strict follow-up is required due to the dynamic nature of this lesion and the chance of re-bleeding even after successfully clipping.
( Robson Rocha Da Silva ),( Marcos Almeida Matos ),( Valonie Carlos Neves Brasileiro Costa ),( Vitor Hugo Abreu Azevedo De Morais ),( Luiz Eduardo Lago De Castro ) 대한슬관절학회 2017 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Purpose: To analyze the location of the femoral tunnel by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) of the lateral condyle in patients who underwent arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, performed using a modified transtibial technique, and to compare the results with data from the literature. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with ACL lesions underwent modified transtibial ACL reconstruction. Postoperatively, 3D CT examinations were performed and the images were analyzed by the quadrant system described by Bernard and Hertel to define the femoral tunnel coordinates. Results: The mean value of femoral tunnel location coordinates was 37.1±5.9 in the horizontal plane and 23.9±7.5 in the vertical plane. Compared with other studies using the transtibial or transportal technique, femoral positioning was improved in the vertical plane. The outside-in technique provided the best results both in the vertical and horizontal planes. Conclusions: The modified transtibial technique was not effective for systematically anatomic femoral tunnel positioning; however, it was relatively better than the conventional transtibial technique.
Marcelo de Oliveira, Santos,Albuquerque de Barros, Erika Valeria Saliba,Penha Tinoco, Maria Laine,Miranda Brasileiro, Ana Cristina,Lima Aragao, Francisco Jose The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.4 No.2
In order to achieve repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), callus derived from floral tissues were continuously cultured in a medium containing 2,4-D. In 5% of the explants, repetitive somatic embryogenesis was observed after 8 weeks and maintained in a globular stage for several weeks. This is the first report showing repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao. The calli were bombarded with a plasmid containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (gus) as reporter gene. Two week old calli showed the high average number of cells expressing the us gene. The effect of osmotic agents (mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose) on gene expression was evaluated. Pre-treatment during 16 h with 0.25 M mannitol revealed an improvement in gene expression. The potential utilization of the repetitive embryogenesis, combined with osmotic treatment, is discussed as an alternative to achieve stable transgenic cacao plants.
Igor Pagiola,Olivier Chassin,Sophie Gallas,Mariana Sarov Riviere,Nicolas Legris,Cristian Mihalea,Jildaz Caroff,Leon Ikka,Vanessa Chalumeau,Guilherme Brasileiro de Aguiar,Augustin Ozanne,Jacques Moret 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2021 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.23 No.4
Five trials published in 2015 showed the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (ET) in patients with stroke and large vessel occlusion, extending the treatment window has become an obsession of all physicians. In 2018, the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials showed that, with careful selection of patients, the procedure could be carried out up to 24 hours after symptom onset with good outcomes. In addition, there have been cases where the DAWN criteria were met, and treatment occurred >24 hours after symptom onset. We present the case of a 68-year-old female whose groin puncture occurred 52 hours after the time last known well (TLKW), after neurological worsening of the initial situation, with a large mismatch ratio observed on magnetic resonance imaging, achieving TICI (the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale) grade 3 recanalization. Five days after the procedure, the patient was discharged with NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score of 3. Some types of collateral circulation (slow progressors and “turtle” progressors, our term for very slow progressors) can extend the treatment window beyond 24 hours of the TLKW but can lead to a hyperperfusion-like syndrome immediately after the ET. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility of this hypothetical syndrome.