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Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite
Amendola, Luca,Appleby, Stephen,Avgoustidis, Anastasios,Bacon, David,Baker, Tessa,Baldi, Marco,Bartolo, Nicola,Blanchard, Alain,Bonvin, Camille,Borgani, Stefano,Branchini, Enzo,Burrage, Clare,Camera, Springer International Publishing 2018 Living reviews in relativity Vol.21 No.1
<P>Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2020 within the cosmic vision 2015–2025 program. The main goal of Euclid is to understand the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shifts of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky. Although the main driver for Euclid is the nature of dark energy, Euclid science covers a vast range of topics, from cosmology to galaxy evolution to planetary research. In this review we focus on cosmology and fundamental physics, with a strong emphasis on science beyond the current standard models. We discuss five broad topics: dark energy and modified gravity, dark matter, initial conditions, basic assumptions and questions of methodology in the data analysis. This review has been planned and carried out within Euclid’s Theory Working Group and is meant to provide a guide to the scientific themes that will underlie the activity of the group during the preparation of the Euclid mission.</P>
STRONG LENS TIME DELAY CHALLENGE. II. RESULTS OF TDC1
Liao, Kai,Treu, Tommaso,Marshall, Phil,Fassnacht, Christopher D.,Rumbaugh, Nick,Dobler, Gregory,Aghamousa, Amir,Bonvin, Vivien,Courbin, Frederic,Hojjati, Alireza,Jackson, Neal,Kashyap, Vinay,Rathna Ku IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.800 No.1
<P>We present the results of the first strong lens time delay challenge. The motivation, experimental design, and entry level challenge are described in a companion paper. This paper presents the main challenge, TDC1, which consisted of analyzing thousands of simulated light curves blindly. The observational properties of the light curves cover the range in quality obtained for current targeted efforts (e.g., COSMOGRAIL) and expected from future synoptic surveys (e.g., LSST), and include simulated systematic errors. Seven teams participated in TDC1, submitting results from 78 different method variants. After describing each method, we compute and analyze basic statisticsmeasuring accuracy (or bias) A, goodness of fit chi(2), precision P, and success rate f. For some methods we identify outliers as an important issue. Other methods show that outliers can be controlled via visual inspection or conservative quality control. Several methods are competitive, i.e., give vertical bar A vertical bar < 0.03, P < 0.03, and chi(2) < 1.5, with some of the methods already reaching sub-percent accuracy. The fraction of light curves yielding a time delay measurement is typically in the range f = 20%-40%. It depends strongly on the quality of the data: COSMOGRAIL-quality cadence and light curve lengths yield significantly higher f than does sparser sampling. Taking the results of TDC1 at face value, we estimate that LSST should provide around 400 robust time-delay measurements, each with P < 0.03 and vertical bar A vertical bar < 0.01, comparable to current lens modeling uncertainties. In terms of observing strategies, we find that A and f depend mostly on season length, while P depends mostly on cadence and campaign duration.</P>