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A. Ya. Faenov,Y. Fukuda,T. A. Pikuz,M. Kando,H. Kotaki,T. Homma,K. Kawase,T. Kameshima,I. Daito,Y. Hayashi,H. Sakaki,P. Bolton,A. Pirozhkov,A. Yogo,M. Tampo,T. Nakamura,M. Mori,K. Ogura,T. Kawachi,H. 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
The interaction of short intense laser pulses with clusters enhanced the absorption of the incident laser light compared to solid targets. Due to the increased absorption, these targets are heated significantly, leading to enhanced emission of X-rays and generation of multiply charged ions with kinetic energies from tens of keV to tens of MeV. Possible applications of these targets include an X-ray source for microscopy or lithography and an ion source for table-top accelerators. The recent results obtained in Kansai Photon Science Institute for the short, moderate intensity, ~5 × 1017W/cm2, laser pulses interactions with large clusters, are presented. Applications of a femtosecondlaser-plasma cluster-based source for different types of nanostructure imaging are discussed.
Schultz, Bruce T.,Teigler, Jeffrey E.,Pissani, F.,Oster, Alexander F.,Kranias, G.,Alter, G.,Marovich, M.,Eller, Michael A.,Dittmer, U.,Robb, Merlin L.,Kim, Jerome H.,Michael, Nelson L.,Bolton, D.,Stre Cell Press 2016 Immunity Vol.44 No.1
<P>A central effort in HIV vaccine development is to generate protective broadly neutralizing antibodies, a process dependent on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. The feasibility of using peripheral blood counterparts of lymph node Tfh cells to assess the immune response and the influence of viral and vaccine antigens on their helper functions remain obscure. We assessed circulating HIV-specific IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells and showed transcriptional and phenotypic similarities to lymphoid Tfh cells, and hence representing peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells. pTfh cells were functionally active and B cell helper quality differed depending on antigen specificity. Furthermore, we found higher frequency of pTfh cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from the ALVAC+AIDSVAX (RV144) HIV vaccine trial associated with protective antibody responses compared to the non-protective DNA+Ad5 vaccine trial. Together, we identify IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells as pTfh cells, implicating them as key populations in the generation of vaccine-evoked antibody responses.</P>
Polyakov, I.V.,Bolton, R.,Greve, R.,Hutchings, J.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, Y.,Lee, S.H.,Ohata, T.,Saito, F.,Sugimoto, A.,Suzuki, R. Elsevier Science 2014 Polar science Vol.8 No.2
Rapid and dramatic climate changes in the Arctic and the projection of their impacts on lower-latitude regions require careful evaluation, understanding, and use of multidisciplinary, internationally coordinated efforts. The Third International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-3), devoted to these objectives, was held on January 14-17, 2013 in Tokyo, and was an essential step in this direction. The pool of papers that make up this Special Issue provides an insight into the discussions conducted during the ISAR-3 meeting.