http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films
Britnell, L.,Ribeiro, R. M.,Eckmann, A.,Jalil, R.,Belle, B. D.,Mishchenko, A.,Kim, Y.-J.,Gorbachev, R. V.,Georgiou, T.,Morozov, S. V.,Grigorenko, A. N.,Geim, A. K.,Casiraghi, C.,Neto, A. H. Castro,Nov American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.340 No.6138
<P><B>Atomic Layer Heterostructures—More Is More</B></P><P>The isolation of stable layers of various materials, only an atom or several atoms thick, has provided the opportunity to fabricate devices with novel functionality and to probe fundamental physics. <B>Britnell <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1311, published online 2 May; see the Perspective by <B>Hamm and Hess</B>) sandwiched a single layer of the transition metal dichalcogenide WS<SUB>2</SUB> between two sheets of graphene. The photocurrent response of the heterostructure device was enhanced, compared to that of the bare layer of WS<SUB>2</SUB>. The prospect of combining single or several-atom-thick layers into heterostructures should help to develop materials with a wide range of properties.</P>
Search for lepton-flavor and lepton-number-violating τ→@?hh<sup>'</sup> decay modes
Belle Collaboration,Miyazaki, Y.,Hayasaka, K.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Asner, D.M.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A.M.,Bay, A.,Bhardwaj, V.,Bhuyan, B.,Bischofberger, M.,Bozek, A.,Bracko, M.,Browder, T. North-Holland Pub. Co 2013 Physics letters: B Vol.719 No.4
We search for lepton-flavor and lepton-number-violating τ decays into a lepton (@?= electron or muon) and two charged mesons (h,h<SUP>'</SUP>=π<SUP>+/-</SUP> or K<SUP>+/-</SUP>) using 854 fb<SUP>-1</SUP> of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> collider. We obtain 90% confidence level upper limits on the τ→@?hh<SUP>'</SUP> branching fractions in the range (2.0-8.4)x10<SUP>-8</SUP>. These results improve upon our previously published upper limits by factors of about 1.8 on average.
New Primary Standards for Establishing SI Traceability for Moisture Measurements in Solid Materials
Heinonen, M.,Bell, S.,Choi, B. Il,Cortellessa, G.,Fernicola, V.,Georgin, E.,Hudoklin, D.,Ionescu, G. V.,Ismail, N.,Keawprasert, T.,Krasheninina, M.,Aro, R.,Nielsen, J.,Oğ,uz Aytekin, S.,Ö,ste Springer-Verlag 2018 International journal of thermophysics Vol.39 No.1
Mazzucato, E.,Bell, R.E.,Ethier, S.,Hosea, J.C.,Kaye, S.M.,LeBlanc, B.P.,Lee, W.W.,Ryan, P.M.,Smith, D.R.,Wang, W.X.,Wilson, J.R.,Yuh, H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2009 Nuclear fusion Vol.49 No.5
<P>Various theories and numerical simulations support the conjecture that the ubiquitous problem of anomalous electron transport in tokamaks may arise from a short-scale turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. To check whether this turbulence is present in plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment, measurements of turbulent fluctuations were performed with coherent scattering of electromagnetic waves. Results from plasmas heated by high harmonic fast waves show the existence of density fluctuations in the range of wave numbers <I>k</I><SUB>⊥</SUB>ρ<SUB>e</SUB> = 0.1–0.4, corresponding to a turbulence scale length of the order of the collisionless skin depth. Experimental observations and agreement with numerical results from the linear gyro-kinetic GS2 code indicate that the observed turbulence is driven by the electron temperature gradient. These turbulent fluctuations were not observed at the location of an internal transport barrier driven by a negative magnetic shear.</P>
After the Fall: The Dust and Gas in E+A Post-starburst Galaxies
Smercina, A.,Smith, J. D. T.,Dale, D. A.,French, K. D.,Croxall, K. V.,Zhukovska, S.,Togi, A.,Bell, E. F.,Crocker, A. F.,Draine, B. T.,Jarrett, T. H.,Tremonti, C.,Yang, Yujin,Zabludoff, A. I. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1
<P>The traditional picture of post-starburst galaxies as dust-and gas-poor merger remnants, rapidly transitioning to quiescence, has been recently challenged. Unexpected detections of a significant interstellar medium (ISM) in many post-starburst galaxies raise important questions. Are they truly quiescent, and if so, what mechanisms inhibit further star formation? What processes dominate their ISM energetics? We present an infrared spectroscopic and photometric survey of 33 E+A post-starbursts selected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, aimed at resolving these questions. We find compact, warm dust reservoirs with high PAH abundances and total gas and dust masses significantly higher than expected from stellar recycling alone. Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)/total infrared (TIR) and dust-to-burst stellar mass ratios are seen to decrease with post-burst age, indicative of the accumulating effects of dust destruction and an incipient transition to hot, early-type ISM properties. Their infrared spectral properties are unique, with dominant PAH emission, very weak nebular lines, unusually strong H-2. rotational emission, and deep [C II] deficits. There is substantial scatter among star formation rate (SFR) indicators, and both PAH and TIR luminosities provide overestimates. Even as potential upper limits, all tracers show that the SFR has typically experienced a decline of more than two orders of magnitude since the starburst and that the SFR is considerably lower than expected given both their stellar masses and molecular gas densities. These results paint a coherent picture of systems in which star formation was, indeed, rapidly truncated, but in which the ISM was not completely expelled, and is instead supported against collapse by latent or continued injection of turbulent or mechanical heating. The resulting aging burst populations provide a 'high-soft' radiation field that seemingly dominates the E+A galaxies' unusual ISM energetics.</P>
HESSER J. E.,STETSON P. B.,HARRISM W. E.,BOLTE M.,SMECKER-HANE T. A.,VANDENBERG D. A.,BELL R. A.,BOND H. E.,BERGH S. VAN DEN,MCCLURE R. D.,FAHLMAN G. G.,RICHER H. B. The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1
We review observational evidence bearing on the formation of a prototypical large spiral galaxy, the Milky Way. New ground- and space-based studies of globular star clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies provide a wealth of information to constrain theories of galaxy formation. It appears likely that the Milky Way formed by an combination of rapid, dissipative collapse and mergers, but the relative contributions of these two mechanisms remain controversial. New evidence, however, indicates that initial star and star cluster formation occurred simultaneously over a volume that presently extends to twice the distance of the Magellanic Clouds.
Kim, M. K.,Breitbach, C. J.,Moon, A.,Heo, J.,Lee, Y. K.,Cho, M.,Lee, J. W.,Kim, S.-G.,Kang, D. H.,Bell, J. C.,Park, B. H.,Kirn, D. H.,Hwang, T.-H. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science translational medicine Vol.5 No.185
<P>Oncolytic viruses cause direct cytolysis and cancer-specific immunity in preclinical models. The goal of this study was to demonstrate induction of functional anticancer immunity that can lyse target cancer cells in humans. Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec; JX-594) is a targeted oncolytic and immunotherapeutic vaccinia virus engineered to express human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Pexa-Vec demonstrated replication, GM-CSF expression, and tumor responses in previous phase 1 trials. We now evaluated whether Pexa-Vec induced functional anticancer immunity both in the rabbit VX2 tumor model and in patients with diverse solid tumor types in phase 1. Antibody-mediated complement-dependent cancer cell cytotoxicity (CDC) was induced by intravenous Pexa-Vec in rabbits; transfer of serum from Pexa-Vec-treated animals to tumor-bearing animals resulted in tumor necrosis and improved survival. In patients with diverse tumor types treated on a phase 1 trial, CDC developed within 4 to 8 weeks in most patients; normal cells were resistant to the cytotoxic effects. T lymphocyte activation in patients was evidenced by antibody class switching. We determined that patients with the longest survival duration had the highest CDC activity, and identified candidate target tumor cell antigens. Thus, we demonstrated that Pexa-Vec induced polyclonal antibody-mediated CDC against multiple tumor antigens both in rabbits and in patients with diverse solid tumor types.</P>