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Changing Wheat Quality with the Modification of Storage Protein Structure
Tamas, Laszlo,Bekes, Ferenc,Morrell, Matthew K.,Appels, Rudi The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 1999 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.1 No.1
The visco-elastic properties of gluten are major determinants of the processing properties of doughs. These visco-elastic properties are strongly influenced by the ratio of monomeric and polymeric proteins and the size distribution of the polymeric proteins, which make up the gluten fraction of the dough. Recent studies have revealed that other features, such as the number of the cysteine residues of the HMW-GS, also play an important role in determining the functional characteristics. To modify the processing properties at molecular level, the relationship between the structure of molecules and dough properties has to be understood. In order to explore the relationships between individual proteins and dough properties, we have developed procedures for incorporating bacterially expressed proteins into doughs, and measuring their functional properties in small-scale equipment. A major problem in investigating the structure/function relationships of individual seed storage proteins is to obtain sufficient amounts of pure polypeptides from the complex families of proteins expressed in the endosperm. Therefore, we have established a simplified model system in which we produce specific protein genes through bacterial expression and test their functional properties in smallscale apparatus after incorporation into base flour. An S poor protein gene has been chosen as a template gene. This template gene has been modified using standard recombinant DNA techniques in order to test the effects of varying the number and position of cysteine residues, and the size of the protein. Doughs have been mixed in small scale apparatus and characterized with respect to their polymeric composition and their functional properties, including dough mixing, extensibility and small scale bating. We conclude that dough characteristics can be manipulated in a predictable manner by altering the cysteine residues and the size of high molecular weight glutenins.
Sedigh Bayegan1,Laszlo Majoros,Gabor Kardos,Adam Kemény-Beke,Cecilia Miszti,Renato Kovacs,Rudolf Gesztelyi 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.2
We investigated the activity of caspofungin against a Candida tropicalis clinical isolate showing paradoxical growth in vitro. BALB/c mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide were infected intraperitoneally using 107 CFU/mouse. Caspofungin was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 5 days or as a single dose using the following doses: 0.12, 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 15 mg/kg. The single dose of caspofungin was effective only at 5 and 15 mg/kg concentrations (100% survival). Five-day caspofungin treatment led to 100% survival at doses of 1 mg/kg or higher. Caspofungin treatment significantly decreased the number of viable yeasts in the peritoneal lavage samples as well as in the infected abscesses at doses 1, 3, 5, and 15 mg/kg caspofungin as compared to the untreated control (P<0.001 in all cases), and even to the group treated with 0.12 mg/kg caspofungin (P<0.05 in all cases). At 2 mg/kg caspofungin dose, sterilization of the internal organs was reproducibly incomplete, suggesting that the role of paradoxical growth in the late clinical failure cannot be excluded.