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The Business of Rugby in the Twenty-First Century: An Introduction to this Special Issue
Rachel J. Batty 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol. No.
Inspired by the spectra of rugby union research presented at the 2017 World in Union International Rugby Conference, this special issue brings together a selection of the more recent empirical developments within the business of rugby. This initial paper is presented as a contextual precursor to the six special issue papers that follow. Combined, these papers draw on a variety of methodologies as well as a range of perspectives including pragmatic, philosophical, and critical platforms. We believe the research presented in this issue provides a rich and diverse source of learning for researchers and practitioners interested in the global business of rugby union.
Muhammad Tayyab Ansari,Kevin T. Batty,Ijaz Iqbal,Vivian Bruce Sunderland 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.5
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a poorly water-soluble drug that displays low bioavailability after oral administration. Attempts have been made to improve the solubility of DHA. Yet, no information is available concerning improved bioavailability. This study aimed to improve the water solubility of DHA by two systems: solid dispersions with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK30, PVPK25, PVPK15) and inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), as well as improving the bioavailability of both systems. The phase transition of DHA with hydrophilic polymers was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). DHA became amorphous in DHA-HPβCD complexes and showed more amorphous behavior in XRD analyses with rise in molecular weight of PVP. Melting onset temperature of DHA decreased, while DSC thermograms revealed the peak area and enhanced enthalpy change (DH) in solid dispersions as well as inclusion complexes. DHA solubility was enhanced 84-fold in DHA-HPβCD complexes and 50-times in DHA-PVPK30. The improved solubility using the four polymers was in the following order: HPβCD > PVPK30 > PVPK25 > PVPK15. Values of area under curve (AUC) and half life (t_(1/2)) of DHA-PVPK30 were highest followed by DHA- HPβCD, DHA-PVPK15 and DHA-PVPK25. Vd/f of DHA-PVPK30 was 7-fold. DHA- HPβCD, DHA-PVPK15 and DHA-PVPK25 showed significantly different pharmacokinetic parameters compared with DHA solutions. The 95% confidence interval was meaningful in AUC and t_(1/2). Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that all four-test preparations were significantly more bioavailable than DHA alone.
Fiber optic long period grating sensors with a nanoassembled mesoporous film of SiO2 nanoparticles.
Korposh, Sergiy,James, Stephen W,Lee, Seung-Woo,Topliss, Stephen,Cheung, Sammy C,Batty, William J,Tatam, Ralph P Optical Society of America 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.12
<P>A novel approach to chemical application of long period grating (LPG) optical fibers was demonstrated, which were modified with a film nanoassembled by the alternate deposition of SiO(2) nanoparticles (SiO(2) NPs) and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA). Nanopores of the sensor film could be used for sensitive adsorption of chemical species in water, which induced the changes in the refractive index (RI) of the light propagating in the cladding mode of the optical fiber, with a concomitant effect on the transmission spectrum in the LPG region. The prepared fiber sensor was highly sensitive to the change in the RI of the surrounding medium and the response time was very fast within 10 s. In addition, chemical infusion into the film was tested using a porphyrin compound, tetrakis-(4-sulfophenyl)porphine (TSPP), which could be saturated within a few min. The lowest detectable concentration of the TSPP analyte was 10 microM. The TSPP infusion led to the development of well-pronounced dual resonance bands, indicating a large increase in the optical thickness of the film. The RI of the film was dramatically increased from 1.200 to ca. 1.540.</P>
Morrison, David Stewart,Parr, Christine Louise,Lam, Tai Hing,Ueshima, Hirotsugu,Kim, Hyeon Chang,Jee, Sun Ha,Murakami, Yoshitaka,Giles, Graham,Fang, Xianghua,Barzi, Federica,Batty, George David,Huxley Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Background: Colorectal cancer has several modifiable behavioural risk factors but their relationship to the risk of colon and rectum cancer separately and between countries with high and low incidence is not clear. Methods: Data from participants in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (APCSC) were used to estimate mortality from colon (International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 (ICD-9) 153, ICD-10 C18) and rectum (ICD-9 154, ICD-10 C19-20) cancers. Data on age, body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol, height, smoking, physical activity, alcohol and diabetes mellitus were entered into Cox proportional hazards models. Results: 600,427 adults contributed 4,281,239 person-years follow-up. The mean ages (SD) for Asian and Australia/New Zealand cohorts were 44.0 (9.5) and 53.4 (14.5) years, respectively. 455 colon and 158 rectum cancer deaths were observed. Increasing age, BMI and attained adult height were associated with increased hazards of death from colorectal cancer, and physical activity was associated with a reduced hazard. After multiple adjustment, any physical activity was associated with a 28% lower hazard of colon cancer mortality (HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.53-0.96) and lower rectum cancer mortality (HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.45-1.27). A 2cm increase in height increased colon and all colorectal cancer mortality by 7% and 6% respectively. Conclusions: Physical inactivity and greater BMI are modifiable risk factors for colon cancer in both Western and Asian populations. Further efforts are needed to promote physical activity and reduce obesity while biological research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which they act to cause cancer mortality.