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Research on the Stackelberg Game Method of Building Micro-grid with Electric Vehicles
Fu Baochuan,Chen Mengkai,Fei Zhaoan,Wu Jianhan,Xu Xiaoshu,Gao Zhen,Wu Zhengtian,Yang Yalong 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3
A “micro-grid to users” Stackelberg game method with electric vehicles (EVs) is constructed with the aim of addressing the problem of unstable generation of renewable energy. Micro-grids set charging electricity prices and EV discharging electricity prices based on the supply and demand of electrical energy to achieve maximum benefi ts. The user as a follower formulates the electricity consumption and discharge strategy according to the electricity price to achieve the highest electricity satisfaction and the lowest cost. This proves theoretically that only one Stackelberg equilibrium exists in this game. The feasibility of the method is verifi ed through numerical simulation and the advantages of the proposed method are analysed.
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Haifeng Li,Zhenping Chen,Baochuan Fu,Manman Sun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.6
Vehicle platooning can significantly increase throughput of transportation, while the impairment of communication may affect the control performance of vehicle platooning. Communication delays are inevitable in the process of driving, which will cause the instability of the platoon. Moreover, the transmission power level between vehicles is finite, resulting in a limited communication range. A nonlinear control algorithm is proposed where the car-following interactions between vehicles are considered. First, a third-order heterogeneous dynamic model is established for vehicles in the platoon. The control gains and parameters are heterogeneous. Then considering the constant time headway spacing policy and the gap supplement, conditions of the control gains for maintaining the internal stability of the platoon are obtained. Second, with time-varying communication delays taken into account, the allowed upper bound of communication delays is derived. Third, given the ability of each vehicle to receive information from multiple predecessors and followers, conditions of string stability are obtained, where the communication range is limited. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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