La evolución poética de Pablo Neruda y el surrealismo

Bahk, Juan-W 서울대학교 스페인중남미연구소 2005 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.16 No.-

A través del análisis de varios poemas de Residencia en la tierra, La evolución poética de Pablo Neruda y el surrealismo no sólo se ha procurado seguir la gestación de la poesía surrealista del poeta sino que también se ha tratado de verificar la existencia de las características surrealistas en sus obras. Su autor ha querido también mostrar los discursos poéticos provenientes de la nueva poética naciente en España de aquel entonces, ya que por la amistad que tenía con los poetas del grupo poético del 27, Neruda estaba al tanto del cambio de la flamante poesía. Otro aspecto del que no podemos prescindir es que Neruda a los 15 años era conocedor del idioma francés y por ello leía las obras de Apollinaire, Rimbaud y Baudelaire; o sea, Neruda seguía teniendo contacto con los grandes precursores franceses cuyas contribuciones aportaron al nacimiento de la poesía vanguardista del siglo XX. Este estudio es un proceso ininterrumpido de la evolución poética de Pablo Neruda. Todo lo que tenía en su fondo personal, desde su origen humilde como el hijo de un ganadero y ferroviario hasta su carrera política como senador de Chile y cónsul en varios países de cuatro continentes, llega a cuajar muy bien con la constante evolución de su poética. Este trabajo ha trazado el trayecto de Neruda desde su inicio hasta Residencia en la tierra con el objetivo de que entendamos mejor su poesía surrealista.

불교 용어 조사 - 석보상절 (釋譜詳節) 주를 중심으로 -

박선희(Seon Hee Bahk),박원영(Won Yeong Bahk),박이혜(I Hye Bahk),조옥염(Ok Yeom Cho) 수련어문학회 1975 睡蓮語文論集 Vol.3 No.-

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Depiction of Nidi and Fibrovascular Zones of Osteoid Osteomas Using Gamma-Correction Tc-99m HDP Pinhole Bone Scan and Conventional Radiograph, and Correlation with CT, MRI, and PVC Phantom Imaging

Bahk, Yong-Whee,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Chung, Yong-An,Bahk, Won-Jong,Park, Jung-Mee,Kang, You-Mee,Choi, Woo-Hee,Park, Young-Ha,Sohn, Hyung-Sun,Kim, Byung-Ki,Chung, Soo-Kyo The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.1

Purpose For the precise imaging diagnosis of osteoid osteoma (OO), the identification of the nidus and fibrovascular zone (FVZ) is essential. However, the latter sign has received little attention because it is difficult to demonstrate. We applied the recently introduced gamma correction (GC) to depict the FVZ on pinhole bone scan (PBS), conventional radiography (CR), and computed tomography (CT). Nongamma correction MRI was also analyzed for reference. Methods Ten patients with histologically proven diagnoses of OO were enrolled in this retrospective study. PBS, CR, and CTwere processed by GC to demonstrate the nidi and FVZ as distinct yet integrating components of OO. PBS was performed using a 4-mm pinhole collimator 3 h after iv injection of 925 to 1,110MBq (25 to 30mCi) of Tc-99mHDP, and anteroposterior and mediolateral CR and transverse CT were taken according to the standard technique. MRI sequences included T1- and T2-weighted images. For gamma correction, we utilized the Photo Correction Wizard program of ACD Photo Editor v3.1. A team of three qualified nuclear physician-radiologists, two nuclear physicians, and one MRI specialist read bone scans, radiographs, and MRIs of OO according to each specialty, and orthopaedic aspects and histology were reviewed by one qualified orthopedic surgeon and two qualified pathologists, respectively. Each observer first read the images separately with basic information about the aim of the study given and then in concert. Interpretive disagreement was settled by discussion and consensus. Results On pinhole scan, nidi were presented as areas of intense tracer uptake in all cases, and, importantly after GC, a thin ring-like zone with lower tracer uptake became visible in seven out of ten cases. GCCR also revealed a thin lucent zone that circumscribed the nidi in six out of ten cases and GCCT in two of four cases.MRI, without GC, presented nidi with high signal in the center and a thin ring-like zone with low signal in the periphery in five out of six cases. Ring-like zones were 1-2 mm in thickness and circumscribed the nidus as an integrated part and, hence, were morphologically interpreted as FVZ. Histologically, the presence of a variously mineralized FVZ was confirmed in four cases, but individual locusby- locus image-histology correlation could not be accompolished because specimens were fragmentary. In the FVZ, tracer uptake was lower than in nidi, presumably reflecting that bone metabolism in the two parts differs as in their histology. Statistically, no significant correlation existed between the duration of symptoms and imaging demonstrability of the FVZ (Spearman's test r=-0.057, p=0.877), but parallelism existed in the demonstrability of the FVZ among GC PBS, CR, and CT, and non-correction MRI. Conclusions GC was useful to enhance the resolution of PBS, CR, and CT in OO so that both the nidi and FVZ were separately imaged. The use of CG PBS and CR in combination is recommended for the specific diagnosis of OO with information about bone metabolism and anatomical characteristics. PBS and CR are economical and widely available.

Close-by Islanded Posterior Tibial Artery Perforator Flap: For Coverage of the Ankle Defect

Bahk, Sujin,Hwang, SeungHwan,Kwon, Chan,Jeong, Euicheol C.,Eo, Su Rak The Korean Society for Microsurgery 2016 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: Soft tissue coverage of the distal leg and ankle region represents a surgical challenge. Beside various local and free flaps, the perforator flap has recently been replaced as a reconstructive choice because of its functional and aesthetic superiority. Although posterior tibial artery perforator flap (PTAPF) has been reported less often than peroneal artery perforator flap, it also provides a reliable surgical option in small to moderate sized defects especially around the medial malleolar region. Materials and Methods: Seven consecutive patients with soft tissue defect in the ankle and foot region were enrolled. After Doppler tracing along the posterior tibial artery, the PTAPF was elevated from the adjacent tissue. The average size of the flap was $28.08{\pm}9.31cm^2$ (range, 14.25 to $37.84cm^2$). The elevated flap was acutely rotated or advanced. Results: Six flaps survived completely but one flap showed partial necrosis because of overprediction of the perforasome. No donor site complications were observed during the follow-up period and all seven patients were satisfied with the final results. Conclusion: For a small to medium-sized defect in the lower leg, we conducted the close-by islanded PTAPF using a single proper adjacent perforator. Considering the weak point of the conventional propeller flap, this technique yields much better aesthetic results as a simple and reliable technique especially for defects of the medial malleolar region.

Use of Gamma Correction Pinhole Bone Scans in Trauma

Bahk, Yong-Whee,Chung, Yong-An,Park, Jung-Mee The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.1

$^{99m}Tc$-hydroxydiphosphonate (HDP) bone scanning is a classic metabolic nuclear imaging method and the most frequently performed examination. Clinically, it has long been cherished as an indispensable diagnostic screening tool and for monitoring of patients with bone, joint, and soft tissue diseases. The HDP bone scan, the pinhole scan in particular, is known for its ability to detect increased, decreased, or defective tracer uptake along with magnified anatomy. Unfortunately, however, the findings of such uptake changes are not specific in many traumatic bone disorders, especially when lesions are minute and complex. This study discusses the recently introduced gamma correction pinhole bone scan (GCPBS), emphasizing its usefulness in the diagnosis of traumatic bone diseases including occult fractures; cervical sprains; whiplash injury; bone marrow edema; trabecular microfractures; evident, gaping, and stress fractures; and fish vertebra. Indeed, GCPBS can remarkably enhance the diagnostic feasibility of HDP pinhole bone scans by refining the topography, pathologic anatomy, and altered chemical profile of the traumatic diseases in question. The fine and precise depiction of anatomic and metabolic changes in these diseases has been shown to be unique to GCPBS, and they are not appreciated on conventional radiographs, multiple detector CT, or ultrasonographs. It is true that MR imaging can portray proton change, but understandably, it is a manifestation that is common to any bone disease.

Pollicization of the Middle Finger

Bahk, Sujin,Eo, Su Rak,Cho, Sang Hun,Jones, Neil Ford The Korean Society for Microsurgery 2015 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: Pollicization typically involves surgical migration of the index finger to the position of the thumb. This procedure facilitates the conversion of a useless hand into a well-functioning one in patients who are not amenable to the toe-to-hand transfer. However, middle finger pollicization has been rarely reported. Materials and Methods: We reconstructed a thumb by immediate pollicization of the remnants of the middle finger in two patients who sustained a tumor and a trauma, respectively. The former, after cancer ablation was performed, has not been reported literally, and the latter involved free devitalized pollicization of the middle finger using a microsurgical anastomosis. The distal third extensor communis tendon was sutured to the proximal extensor pollicis longus tendon and the distal flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus were sutured to the proximal flexor pollicis longus. The abductor pollicis brevis tendon was sutured to the distal end of the first palmar interosseous muscle. Coaptation of the third digital nerve and the superficial radial nerve branch was performed. Results: Patients showed uneventful postoperative courses without complication such as infection or finger necrosis. Based on the principles of pollicization, a wide range of pinch and grasp movements was successfully restored. They were pleased with the functional and cosmetic results. Conclusion: Although the index finger has been the digit of choice for pollicization, we could also use the middle finger on specific occasions. This procedure provides an excellent option for the reconstruction of a mutilated thumb and could be performed advantageously in a single step.

Surface Tension of Liquid Metals

Bahk, S.M.,Park, M.K. 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Even though liquids are quite mobile and appear to have little strength there are strong cohesive forces of attraction between neighboring atoms. It is these cohesive forces that give rise to surface tension. An interior atom in a liquid is surrounded on all sides and thus subject to attractive forces in all direction. However, an atom on the surface is acted upon by an unbalanced force and is attracted strongly inward.

Morphobiochemical diagnosis of acute trabecular microfractures using gamma correction Tc-99m HDP pinhole bone scan with histopathological verification

Bahk, Yong-Whee,Hwang, Seok-Ha,Lee, U-Young,Chung, Yong-An,Jung, Joo-Young,Jeong, Hyeonseok S. Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.45

<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We prospectively performed gamma correction pinhole bone scan (GCPBS) and histopathologic verification study to make simultaneous morphobiochemical diagnosis of trabecular microfractures (TMF) occurred in the femoral head as a part of femoral neck fracture.</P><P>Materials consisted of surgical specimens of the femoral head in 6 consecutive patients. The specimens were imaged using Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) pinhole scan and processed by the gamma correction. After cleansing with 10% formalin solution, injured specimen surface was observed using a surgical microscope to record TMF. Morphological findings shown in the photograph, naive pinhole bone scan, GCPBS, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain of the specimen were reciprocally correlated for histological verification and the usefulness of suppression and enhancement of Tc-99m HDP uptake was biochemically investigated in TMF and edema and hemorrhage using gamma correction.</P><P>On the one hand, GCPBS was able to depict the calcifying calluses in TMF with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake. They were pinpointed, speckled, round, ovoid, rod-like, geographic, and crushed in shape. The smallest callus measured was 0.23 mm in this series. On the other hand, GCPBS biochemically was able to discern the calluses with enhanced high Tc-99m HDP uptake from the normal and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with washed out uptake.</P><P>Morphobiochemically, GCPBS can clearly depict microfractures in the femoral head produced by femoral neck fracture. It discerns the microcalluses with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake from the intact and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with suppressed washed out Tc-99m HDP uptake. Both conventional pinhole bone scan and gamma correction are useful imaging means to specifically diagnose the microcalluses naturally formed in TMF.</P></▼2>

A Study on the Character “Xing” 眚 (性) in the Excavated Texts at Guodian

( Bahk Yeong-jin ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2018 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.30

人性問題在春秋戰國時期就曾引起頗多爭論。在先秦的出土文獻中也記載了儒家學派的人性觀點。本文以1993年出土的戰國時期文獻――郭店楚墓竹簡爲主要硏究對象,考察這本被分類爲儒家典籍中的“性”字及其含義,而且進一步探究帶有“性”字的句子的思想意義。在郭店楚墓竹簡中,“性”字被表現爲“眚”字。該字綜合了現代的“姓”和“性”兩個字,“姓”字意味著“百姓”,而“性”字則指“人性”。其中所說的“性”爲天之所命是指天命賦予了人之生命本質。早在春秋時期孔子就曾對人的本質提出了“性近習遠”之說,而戰國時期的孟子則提出了“性善”一說。前者主張的是自然人性說,而後者則主張道德人性說,這兩者之間有較大的思想差異。郭店楚墓竹簡被推斷爲是介于孔孟之間的重要理論著作和思想學說,它包含了大量自然釋性和道德釋性的論述。通過這些論述,我們可以知道春秋戰國之際儒家思想家們旣以自然之氣釋性,又以道德之情論性。而孟子以後,人性論爭則以人性是善還是惡的道德性爲中心展開。通過對郭店楚墓竹簡中的人性觀念進行硏究,我們可以淸晳了解到孔孟之間的人性思想的差距及其傳承關係。郭店楚墓竹簡可以說是人性思想史上連接孔子和孟子的重要環節。 The issue of human nature was already discussed a lot during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and some of the excavated pre-Qin texts also refer to Confucian views of human nature. This article analyzes the character “xing” 性 and its implications in the bamboo slips excavated in 1993 in the Chu tombs at Guodian. In the Chu bamboo slips, the character “xing” 性 was written as “sheng” 眚, which is a mixture of the two characters, “xing” 姓 and “xing” 性. The character “xing” 姓 refers to “people” and the character “xing” 性 means “human nature.” Among them, “xing ” 性 is believed to be given by Heaven and indicates the essential nature of humans. Confucius claimed that “xing jin xi yuan” 性近習遠 (The nature of humans is similar, but human accumulated practices cause differences), whereas Mencius suggested the view of “xing shan” 性善 (Human nature is good). There is a difference between these two views, since the former is about natural human nature and the latter concerns moral human nature. The Chu bamboo slips are understood as important writings because many of them interpret human nature in natural terms or in moral terms. By studying the conception of human nature in the Chu bamboo slips, we can understand clearly the gap between Confucius and Mencius and its relations of transmission. In short, the Chu bamboo slips show the transitional stage of views on human nature from Confucius to Mencius. [Article in Chinese]

Bubble Methods for Surface Tension Determination

Bahk, S.M.,Park, M.K. 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Equipment has been designed and constructed for measuring the surface tension of lead-tin and similar alloys by the maximum bubble pressure method. Details of equipment design, operating procodures, and some preliminary results are given.