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Bagde, S.S.,Park, H.,Yang, S.n.,Jin, S.H.,Lee, S.H. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Chemical physics letters Vol.630 No.-
<P>This study involves the development of two new small molecules comprising a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core flanked with donor units of triphenylamine (TPA-DPP-TPA) and fluorine (FL-DPP-FL) for application in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). The OSCs based on FL-DPP-FL and PC71 BM exhibited a PCE of 1.73%, compared to 1.45% for that obtained from devices of TPA-DPP-TPA. The morphological studies reveal that the enhancement in OSCs of FL-DPP-FL is mainly attributed to the improved nanoscale film morphology of the FL-DPP-FL:PC71 BM blend, which promoted the formation of smaller domains and greater donor-acceptor interpenetrated networks within the active layer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
( Sushil Bagde ),박한옥,이수형 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Intermolecular interactions have a critical role in determining the molecular packing and orientation of small molecule, leading to significant changes in their electrical and optical properties. Herein, we present two π-conjugated small molecules for use in solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) to elucidate the effect of terminal donor groups on the performance of benzodithiophene (BDT) based small molecules. Each small molecules have different terminal donor groups of hexylbithiophene (BDT(TTBT)2) or hexylphenyl-thiophene (BDT(PTBT)2). Various investigations into the molecules reveal that variation of the terminal groups not only influence the optical and electronic properties but also affect crystallization and morphology of the small molecules. BDT(TTBT)2 shows efficiency of 1.73% as a consequence of deep HOMO (Voc =0.81 V), improved charge delocalization and stronger light absorption (Jsc=4.75 mA/cm-2), when mild annealing was used as a result of improved texturing structures in morphology. BDT (PTBT)2 device rather shows moderate PCE of 1.22% with Jsc of 2.88 mA cm-2, Voc of 0.81V and FF of 0.52.
한장군,( Sushil Bagde ),이수형 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
Three small molecules, composed of two dimensional NDT donor core and end-capped with electron deficient unit such as TPD, Ester and Amide group, defined as 2D-NDT(TPD)2, 2D-NDT(Ester)2 and 2D-NDT (Amide)2 were designed and synthesized. The optical, electrochemical, morphological and photovoltaic properties of these small molecules were characterized and investigated. When organic solar cells were fabricated using these small molecules, the morphology of 2D-NDT (Ester)2 or 2D-NDT(Amide)2 and PC<sub>71</sub>BM blend film was optimized using a DIO additive. A device based on 2D-NDT(Ester)2:PC<sub>71</sub>BM(1:1, 1% DIO) shows efficiency of 1.22% with Jsc of 3.75 mA/㎠, Voc of 0.91V and FF of 35.50. Similarly for 2D-NDT(Amide)2:PC<sub>71</sub>BM(1:3, 1% DIO) device efficiency of 0.55%, with Jsc of 2.36 mA/㎠, Voc of 0.64V and FF of 36.95 was observed. Finally for 2D-NDT(TPD)2:PC<sub>71</sub>BM(1:2) device, efficiency restricted to 0.33% with Jsc of 1.66 mA/㎠, Voc of 0.73V and FF of 27.2.
이송미,( Sushil Bagde ),박한옥,이수형 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Two new small molecules, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole core flanked by cyanothiophene units (CN-DPP-CN, CN-TH-DPP-TH-CN) were synthesized by Suzuki coupling and explored as donors in solution processed organic solar cells (OSCs). The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of CN-DPP-CN, CN-TH-DPP-TH-CN having moderate band gap of 1.83 eV and 1.44 eV were estimated to be -5.63/-3.84 eV, -5.20/-3.75 eV respectively. The device efficiency was found to be 0.013, 0.21% for CN-DPP-CN, CN-TH-DPP-TH-CN respectively for BHJ solar cells. When CN-DPP-CN (0.05%) was added in P3HT:PC60BM device, its PCE was enhanced from 2.08% to 2.45% signifying its ability to be used as a potential n-type additive.
Ambade, Swapnil B.,Ambade, Rohan B.,Bagde, Sushil S.,Eom, Seung Hun,Mane, Rajaram S.,Shin, Won Suk,Lee, Soo-Hyoung American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.4
<P>1-D ZnO represents a fascinating class of nanostructures that are significant to optoelectronics. In this work, we investigated the use of an eco-friendly, metal free in situ doping through a pure thiophene-sulfur (5) on low temperature processed (<95 degrees C) and annealed (<170 degrees C), planar 1-D ZnO nanorods (ZnRs) spin-coated as a hole blocking and electron transporting layer (ETL) for inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs). The TEM, HRTEM, XPS, FT-IR, EDS and Raman studies clearly reveal that the thiophene-S (Thi-S) atom is incorporated on planar ZnRs. The investigations in electrical properties suggest the enhancement in conductivity after Thi-S doping on 1-D ZnRs. The iOSCs of poly.(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT: PC60BM) photoactive layer containing thiophene-S doped planar ZnRs (Thi-S-PZnRs) as ETL exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.68% under simulated AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm(-2) illumination. The similar to 47% enhancement in PCE compared with pristine planar ZnRs (PCE = 2.38%) ETL is attributed to a combination of desirable energy level alignment, morphological modification, increased conductivity and doping effect. The universality of Thi-S-PZnRs ETL is demonstrated by the highest PCE of 8.15% in contrast to 6.50% exhibited by the iOSCs of ZnRs ETL for the photoactive layer comprising of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] : phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7-Th: PCB71M). This enhancement in PCE is observed to be driven mainly through improved photovoltaic parameters like fill factor (ff) as well as photocurrent density (J(sc)), which are assigned to increased conductivity, exciton dissociation, and effective charge extraction, while; better ohmic contact, reduced charge recombination, and low leakage current density resulted in increased Voc.</P>
Ambade, S.,Ambade, R.,Eom, S.,Baek, M. J.,Bagde, S.,Mane, R.,Lee, S. H. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.9
<P>In an unprecedented attempt, we present an interesting approach of coupling solution processed ZnO planar nanorods (NRs) by an organic small molecule (SM) with a strong electron withdrawing cyano moiety and the carboxylic group as binding sites by a facile co-functionalization approach. Direct functionalization by SMs (SM-ZnO NRs) leads to higher aggregation owing to the weaker solubility of SMs in solutions of ZnO NRs dispersed in chlorobenzene (CB). A prior addition of organic 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) acetic acid (MEA) over ZnO NRs not only inhibits aggregation of SMs over ZnO NRs, but also provides enough sites for the SM to strongly couple with the ZnO NRs to yield transparent SM-MEA-ZnO NRs hybrids that exhibited excellent capability as electron transporting layers (ETLs) in inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) of P3HT:PC60BM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layers. A strongly coupled SM-MEA-ZnO NR hybrid reduces the series resistance by enhancing the interfacial area and tunes the energy level alignment at the interface between the (indium-doped tin oxide, ITO) cathode and BHJ photoactive layers. A significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) was achieved for iOSCs comprising ETLs of SM-MEA-ZnO NRs (3.64%) advancing from 0.9% for pristine ZnO NRs, while the iOSCs of aggregated SM-ZnO NRs ETL exhibited a much lower PCE of 2.6%, thus demonstrating the potential of the co-functionalization approach. The superiority of the co-functionalized SM-MEA-ZnO NRs ETL is also evident from the highest PCE of 7.38% obtained for the iOSCs comprising BHJ of PTB7-Th: PC60BM compared with extremely poor 0.05% for non-functionalized ZnO NRs.</P>