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Supernumerary lumbar ribs: a rare occurrence on an adult African male skeleton
Samson Chengetanai,Elsie K. Nchabeleng,Nicholas Bacci,Brendon K. Billings,Pedzisai Mazengenya 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.2
Supernumerary lumbar ribs are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during routine diagnostic radiography. During a routine inventory of the research skeletal repository at the University of the Witwatersrand, a rare case of bilateral supernumerary ribs on the first lumbar vertebra was observed. The skeletal specimen belonged to a 70-year-old African male whose recorded cause of death was esophageal carcinoma. Plain radiography revealed bilateral joint cavities between the transverse processes of the first lumbar vertebra and the supernumerary ribs. Clinically, supernumerary lumbar ribs may present with pain of the renal angle, cause confusion during enumeration of the vertebral levels on radiographs, and may be misinterpreted as fractures, kissing osteophytes, and/or calcification of abdominal vasculature.
<i>EPOXI</i> : COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 OBSERVATIONS FROM A WORLDWIDE CAMPAIGN
Meech, K. J.,A’Hearn, M. F.,Adams, J. A.,Bacci, P.,Bai, J.,Barrera, L.,Battelino, M.,Bauer, J. M.,Becklin, E.,Bhatt, B.,Biver, N.,Bockelé,e-Morvan, D.,Bodewits, D.,Bö,hnhardt, H.,Boissier, J IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.734 No.1
<P>Earth- and space-based observations provide synergistic information for space mission encounters by providing data over longer timescales, at different wavelengths and using techniques that are impossible with an in situ flyby. We report here such observations in support of the EPOXI spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2. The nucleus is small and dark, and exhibited a very rapidly changing rotation period. Prior to the onset of activity, the period was similar to 16.4 hr. Starting in 2010 August the period changed from 16.6 hr to near 19 hr in December. With respect to dust composition, most volatiles and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, the comet is similar to other Jupiter-family comets. What is unusual is the dominance of CO2-driven activity near perihelion, which likely persists out to aphelion. Near perihelion the comet nucleus was surrounded by a large halo of water-ice grains that contributed significantly to the total water production.</P>