Essential oil composition of three native Persian plants and their inhibitory effects in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

Mahnaz Khanavi,Pedram Laghaei,Murray B. Isman 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

Essential oils of Thymus kotschyanus, Pistacia atlantica and Bunium persicum were analyzed by GC–MS. Growth inhibitory and insecticidal effects of all oils were evaluated in the cabbage looper. Also, Bunium persicum essential oil and its major compounds were chosen for topical and fumigant applications. All essential oils were characterized by high levels of monoterpenoids with thymol and carvacrol as major constituents of T. kotschyanus, α-pinene as the main component of P. atlantica and ρ-cymene, limonene, γ-terpinene and cuminaldehyde as the main constituents of B. persicum essential oil. The oil of B. persicum and cuminaldehyle showed the most inhibition and toxicity on larval growth. In a contact toxicity assay, cuminaldehyde exhibited the highest activity (LD50= 68.8 and LD95=196.2 μg larva−1) and a notable additive interaction with other main compounds of the oil. ρ-Cymene was the most toxic component via fumigation (LD50 =39.8 and LD95=96.2 μg/ml). Also, a binary solution of ρ-cymene and γ-terpinene was synergistic in terms of fumigation toxicity with a synergy ratio of 1.6. Our results indicate that B. persicum essential oil merits further consideration for use in pest management. Also, the additive and synergistic activity of major compounds provides an opportunity to formulate a promising green pesticide

TRANSFORMING COMPETITION POLICY

Murray B. Stanley 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2013 국제학논총 Vol.20 No.-

In recent years, microeconomic reform in many Western countries has led to an increase in industry competition. This is based on the belief that competition is the best means of lowering prices, improving choices for consumers, encouraging innovation and providing an environment for more efficient and productive business. The effectiveness of this approach has not been thoroughly examined. The terminology associated with the reforms is emotionally and intuitively appealing. It implies that any increase in competition is ‘good’ for the consumer. This approach does not stand up to closer scrutiny. In some industries the results have included higher prices and decline in quality. Other problems like lack of investment in research, development and infrastructure are less obvious impacts. The late W. Edwards Deming argued that a more intelligent approach to managing competition policy was required. This paper supports that argument by examining specific industry examples. Under the new approach outlined in this paper, the aim of competition policy would switch from ‘increasing competition’ to optimization. It is this new approach that will receive attention in this paper.

Why a hierarchy-of-effects model is still the best approach to managing and optimizing the impact of corporate social responsibility strategies

Keith B. Murray 한국마케팅과학회 2018 마케팅과학연구 Vol.28 No.1

Since the early calls for the use of a hierarchy-of-effects approach to assessing and then strategically guiding corporate management in its oversight of CSR endeavors by the enterprise, research related to CSR effects overwhelming shows many favorable social exchanges between CSR firms and relevant stakeholders. Given the attractiveness of CSR payoffs to the firm – but recognizing the resource costs also associated with CSR decisions – a renewed case is manifest for how corporate governance can better understand and optimize CSR efforts, all to the betterment of both the organization and its key stakeholders.

Penetration-enhancing effect as a synergy mechanism in rosemary essential oil constituents

Jun-Hyung Tak,Murray B. Isman 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

The penetration-enhancing effect of a binary mixture of rosemary essential oil constituents, and its correlation to increased toxicity were investigated. GC-MS analyses revealed that the major constituents of rosemary essential oil were 1,8-cineole and camphor, and a binary mixture of them showed synergistic insecticidal activity via topical application in third instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. In the mixture, penetration of camphor was significantly enhanced both in vivo and in vitro, whereas that of 1,8-cineole did not change much compared to individual application. Injection into hemocoel of fifth instar larvae indicated that camphor was more toxic than 1,8-cineole, although it was less toxic than 1,8-cineole when applied topically. A possible mechanism for enhanced penetration of camphor by 1,8-cineole is reduced surface tension of the mixture. Contact angles of 50% acetonic solutions on a layer of beeswax showed that the surface tension of 1,8-cineole was lower than that of camphor. Another probable reason is a change of camphor from solid to liquid status, when mixed with 1,8-cineole. This is the first report attempting to explain the synergistic insecticidal interaction of essential oil components, from a physiochemical perspective.

Enhanced Charge Transfer Kinetics of CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell by Inorganic Ligand Exchange Treatments

Yun, Hyeong Jin,Paik, Taejong,Edley, Michael E.,Baxter, Jason B.,Murray, Christopher B. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.5

<P>Enhancement of the charge transfer rate in CdSe quantum dot (QD) sensitized solar cells is one of the most important criteria determining cell efficiency. We report a novel strategy for enhancing charge transfer by exchanging the native, long organic chain to an atomic ligand, S<SUP>2–</SUP>, with a simple solid exchange process. S<SUP>2–</SUP>-ligand exchange is easily executed by dipping the CdSe QDs sensitized photoanode into a formamide solution of K<SUB>2</SUB>S. The results show that this exchange process leads to an enhancement of the electronic coupling between CdSe QD and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> by removing the insulating organic barrier to charge transfer, while maintaining its quantum confined band structure. This treatment significantly increases the charge transfer rate at the interfacial region between CdSe QDs and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> as well as between the CdSe QDs and Red/Ox coupling electrolyte, as verified by time-resolved photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Finally, the S<SUP>2–</SUP>-treated photoanode exhibits a much higher photovoltaic performance than the conventional MPA or TGA-capped CdSe QDs sensitized solar cell. The findings reported herein propose an innovative route toward harvesting energy from solar light by enhancing the carrier charge transfer rate.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-5/am500026a/production/images/medium/am-2014-00026a_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am500026a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Synergistic Oxygen Evolving Activity of a TiO₂-Rich Reconstructed SrTiO₃(001) Surface

Martirez, John Mark P.,Kim, Seungchul,Morales, Erie H.,Diroll, Benjamin T.,Cargnello, Matteo,Gordon, Thomas R.,Murray, Christopher B.,Bonnell, Dawn A.,Rappe, Andrew M. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.8

<P>In addition to composition, the structure of a catalyst is another fundamental determinant of its catalytic reactivity. Recently, anomalous Ti oxide-rich surface phases of ternary oxides have been stabilized as nonstoichiometric epitaxial overlayers. These structures give rise to different modes of oxygen binding, which may lead to different oxidative chemistry. Through density functional theory investigations and electrochemical measurements, we predict and subsequently show that such a TiO<SUB>2</SUB> double-layer surface reconstruction enhances the oxygen evolving activity of the perovskite-type oxide SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>. Our theoretical work suggests that the improved activity of the restructured TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(001) surface toward oxygen formation stems from (i) having two Ti sites with distinct oxidation activity and (ii) being able to form a strong O–O moiety (which reduces overbonding at Ti sites), which is a direct consequence of (iii) having a labile lattice O that is able to directly participate in the reaction. Here, we demonstrate the improvement of the catalytic performance of a well-known and well-studied oxide catalyst through more modern methods of materials processing, predicted through first-principles theoretical modeling.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-8/ja511332y/production/images/medium/ja-2014-11332y_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja511332y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

The aqueous supramolecular chemistry of cucurbit[n]urils, pillar[n]arenes and deep-cavity cavitands

Murray, J.,Kim, K.,Ogoshi, T.,Yao, W.,Gibb, B. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Society reviews Vol.46 No.9

<P>This tutorial review summarizes the continuing exploration of three prominent water-soluble hosts: cucurbiturils, pillar[n]arenes and deep-cavity cavitands. As we describe, these hosts are revealing how orchestrating the hydrophobic effect can lead to a broad range of properties and applications, from: nano-reactors, supramolecular polymers, stimuli-responsive biointerfaces, switches, and novel purification devices. We also describe how their study is also revealing more details about the properties of water and aqueous solutions.</P>

EFFECT OF BASAL DIET AND FEED ADDITIVES ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHEEP RUMEN FLUID TO LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION

Rowe, J.B.,Winslow, S.G.,Murray, P.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3

美國에서의 韓國잔디 造成에 關한 硏究

廉道義,鄭正學,V.B. Youngner,J. Murray,H.L. Portz 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.2

Zoysiagrass is a very persistant, slow-growing turfgrass, and its superiority to Kentucky bluegrass in heat and drought tolerance and absence of disease make it a good choice for transition zone climate. Although it is dormant in winter, it enters dormancy later, greens up earlier, and is more cold hardy than Bermudagrass. Zoysia is a very desirable grass for iawns and golf courses in the transition zone of the United States but it has not been widely used. One of the primary reasons for this is poor germination. The KOH scarification was effective in promoting the germination under light condition. The intact seeds did not germinate, but when they were scarified with 30% KOH for 25 minutes, they germinated to more than 90% in light but less than 20% under dark condition. Since scarification did not completely break dormancy the true dormancy factors which hrequires light to trigger germination is likely to exist in the embryo. Seeds can be made ready to germinate by KOH scarification and subsequent light irradiation. The ready to germinated seeds which made by KOH scarification and subsequent light treatment, germinated satisfactorily in pots of 5mm soil covering depth. Moreover, the presoaking of these ready to germinated seeds enhanced the germination. The newer dormancy breaking procedures of Zoysiagrass should greatly enhance the use of Zoysiagrass in the united States.

Electrocardiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an international inception cohort.

Bourr?-Tessier, Josiane,Urowitz, Murray B,Clarke, Ann E,Bernatsky, Sasha,Krantz, Mori J,Huynh, Thao,Joseph, Lawrence,Belisle, Patrick,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Hanly, John G,Wallace, Daniel J,Gordon, Caroline,I John Wiley Sons 2015 Arthritis care & research Vol.67 No.1

<P>To estimate the early prevalence of various electrocardiographic (EKG) abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate possible associations between repolarization changes (increased corrected QT [QTc] and QT dispersion [QTd]) and clinical and laboratory variables, including the anti-Ro/SSA level and specificity (52 or 60 kd).</P>