High polarity analytes in food - enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine in bovine tissue (CCQM-K141)

Windust, Anthony,McRae, Garnet,Meija, Juris,Mester, Zoltá,n,Melanson, Jeremy E,Croft, Meg,Johnston, Lesley,Murby, John,Rego, Eliane C P do,Violante, Fernando G M,Fernandes, Jane L N,Wollinger, W BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2019 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.56 No.-

<P></P> <P>Within the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantitè de Matiére (CCQM), key comparison CCQM-K141 and associated pilot study CCQM-P178 were coordinated by the National Research Council Canada (NRC). This comparison was a Track A key comparison that formed part of the OAWG 10-year strategic plan. The comparison demonstrated capabilities for measuring high-polarity analytes in a high-fat and high-protein matrix. The measurand chosen as the model system was enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine in bovine tissue. Thirteen National Metrology Institutes or Designated Institutes participated in the CCQM-K141, while two National Metrology Institutes participated in CCQM-P178.</P> <P>The bovine muscle tissue study material was derived from a single live animal that was administered with chemical based pharmaceutical agents prior to processing. Therefore, the study material was naturally incurred, providing a true test of extraction procedures relative to more commonly encountered spiked materials. NRC confirmed excellent homogeneity and stability of the material prior to shipping. Three 10 g bottles of freeze dried powdered muscle tissue were supplied. NRC also provided isotopically labelled solutions of the two measurands, <SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>6</SUB>-sulfadiazine and enrofloxacin-d<SUB>5</SUB> (HI Salt), to those interested in using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) methodologies. Procurement and purity assignment with appropriate metrological traceability of native calibrants were the responsibility of individual participants. The study required extraction, clean-up, analytical separation, and selective detection of the analytes.</P> <P>The level of agreement was reasonable given the measurands and matrix were new for most laboratories. The KCRV values and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level of 57.81 ± 2.57 μg/kg for enrofloxacin and 2285 ± 68 μg/kg for sulfadiazine were calculated using the DSL means. While one participant's value was voluntarily excluded from the KCRV calculations for enrofloxacin, all other participants demonstrated equivalence for both measurands.</P> <P>Significant effort was undertaken post-study to identify the major sources of variability between results. In particular, the various extraction conditions used by participants were investigated thoroughly. While there appeared to be a correlation between highly acidic conditions and higher recovery, this was not definitive and could not be confirmed. The form of standards employed (i.e. free base vs salts) and potential differential solubility between forms was also a suspected source of variability. Biases could also have been introduced with the choice of solvents used for standard preparation, with some solvents better able to minimize adsorption of the analytes to glass surfaces.</P> <P>KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH</P> <P>enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine, bovine tissue, incurred, key comparison</P> <P></P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K141/CCQM-K141.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

High Seebeck Coefficient in Solution-Grown PbS Films

Wahab, F.,Fernandes, G. E.,Kim, J. H.,Jung, S.,Kim, K. B.,Hassan Sayyad, M.,Xu, J. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Journal of Electronic Materials Vol.43 No.2

We have investigated the Seebeck coefficient of solution-grown lead sulfide (PbS) films at room temperature. A high Seebeck coefficient of 450 mu V/K was observed, which is over three times the value commonly measured for PbS films. The positive sign of the Seebeck coefficient indicates that the measured film was characteristically p-type. The high sheet resistance of the films, similar to 186 k Omega/sq., suggests that the high Seebeck coefficient may be the result of increased contributions from junctions and boundary scattering of carriers occurring at interfaces between nanocrystallites, consistent with the scanning electron microscopy study of the film morphology. The solution-grown PbS technology employed here is inherently scalable and, with the larger Seebeck coefficient, may be well suited for energy-harvesting applications.

Novel Three Phase Flux Reversal Machine with Full Pitch Winding

D. S . More,B .G. Fernandes 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper proposes a concept of fictitious ‘Electrical Gear’ in analyzing the flux pattern of Flux Reversal Machine (FRM). Concept of novel full pitch winding is presented for FRM. Finite Element Method ( FEM ) analysis of conventional concentrated stator pole winding FRM and proposed full pitch winding FRM are carried out to validate the concept. Generator performance of full pitch winding FRM is compared with conventional concentrated stator pole winding FRM. Full pitch winding arrangement increases the inductance of the machine which results in poor voltage regulation. Series capacitive compensation is provided to the machine for better voltage regulation. Output power of compensated full pitch winding FRM is approximately twice as that of the conventional concentrated stator pole winding FRM. Physical dimensions, electrical and magnetic loadings are kept same in both the machines.

Cloning and Expression of a Thermostable α-Galactosidase from the Thermophilic Fungus Talaromyces emersonii in the Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris

( Janika Simila ),( Anita Gernig ),( Patrick Murray ),( Sara Fernandes ),( Maria G. Tuohy ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.12

The first gene (α-gall) encoding an extracellular α-Dgalactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii was cloned and characterized. The α-gall gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1,792 base pairs interrupted by six introns that encoded a mature protein of 452 amino acids, including a 24 amino acid secretory signal sequence. The translated protein had highest identity with other fungal α-galactosidases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 27. The α-gall gene was overexpressed as a secretory protein with an N-terminal histidine tag in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Recombinant α-Gall was secreted into the culture medium as a monomeric glycoprotein with a maximal yield of 10.75 mg/l and purified to homogeneity using His-binding nickel-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was maximally active at 70˚C, pH 4.5, and lost no activity over 10 days at 50˚C. α-Gall followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax of 240.3 μM/min/mg, Km of 0.294 mM) and was inhibited competitively by galactose (Km(obs) of 0.57 mM, Ki of 2.77 mM). The recombinant T. emersonii α-galactosidase displayed broad substrate preference, being active on both oligo- and polymeric substrates, yet had strict specificity for the α-galactosidic linkage. Owing to its substrate preference and noteworthy stability, α-Gall is of particular interest for possible biotechnological applications involving the processing of plant materials.

Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire Fraction Leaves Stimulate Gastric Healing in Rats and Human Cell Cultures

Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio Viana,Hélio B Fernandes,Mariana H Chave,Daniel A Viana,Verlane G Santos,Ariadne C A Silva,Miriam T.P. Lopes,Rita de Cássia M Oliveira 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.3

Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treatment of gastric ulcer. This study evaluated the ulcer-healing activity of the hydroalcoholic fraction of C. macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire leaves (Cm-FHA) and the tea of the leaves of C. macrophyllum (Cm-tea), as well as the possible action of Cm-FHA, through in vitro models. Leaves of C. macrophyllum were dried and powdered to obtain the Cm-FHA. Subsequently, the Cm-FHA was characterized phytochemically and biologically. Besides, Cm-tea was prepared. The gastric healing effects of Cm-tea and Cm-FHA were analyzed using the model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line was employed as an in vitro model. Cm-tea promoted a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol. Cm-FHA or Cm-tea (100 mg/kg/7 days) exhibited a significant healing effect on ulcers induced by acetic acid. In the histological analysis, gastric mucosa treated with Cm-FHA or Cm-tea advanced restoration of the mucosal epithelium. In vitro, lower concentrations of Cm-FHA stimulated cell proliferation in the BrdU assay and cell migration. Cm-tea and Cm-FHA present a significant gastric healing effect in in vivo and in vitro models.

NMDA Receptors and the L-Arginine–Nitric Oxide–Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway Are Implicated in the Antidepressant-Like Action of the Ethanolic Extract from Tabebuia avellanedae in Mice

Andiara E. Freitas,Morgana Moretti,Josiane Budni,,Grasiela O. Balen,Sinara C. Fernandes,Patricia O. Veronezi,Melina Heller,Gustavo A. Micke,Moacir G. Pizzolatti,Ana Lu´cia S. Rodrigues 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.11

Bark infusion of Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb is consumed in tropical America folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including depressive disorders. It was recently demonstrated that the extract from this plant has antidepressant properties. The present study was aimed at investigating the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the L-arginine–nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine 3050-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway to the antidepressantlike action of the ethanolic extract from T. avellanedae (EET) in the tail suspension test (TST). The anti-immobility effect of the extract (30 mg/kg, orally [p.o.]) was prevented by pretreatment of mice with NMDA (0.1 pmol/site, intracerebroventicular [i.c.v.]), L-arginine (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), and sildenafil (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Additionally, the combination of MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.), 7-nitroindazole (25 mg/kg, i.p.), and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (30 pmol/site, i.c.v.) with a subeffective dose of EET (1 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the TST, without causing significant alterations in the locomotor activity. Moreover, the administration of an effective dose of EET (30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a reduction in NOx levels in the cerebral cortex. Conversely, a subeffective dose of EET (1 mg/kg, p.o.) caused no changes in the cortical NOx levels. Results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of EET in the TST is dependent on a blockade of NMDA receptor activation and inhibition of NO-cGMP synthesis, significantly extending literature data about the antidepressant-like action of this plant and reinforcing the notion that this plant may be useful in the management of depressive disorders.

Impact of Artistic Gymnastics on Bone Formation Marker, Density and Geometry in Female Adolescents: ABCD-Growth Study

Isabella Neto Exupério,Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete,André Oliveira Werneck,Santiago Maillane-Vanegas,Rafael Luiz-de-Marco,Eduardo D.L. Mesquita,Han C.G. Kemper,Rômulo Araújo Fernandes 대한골대사학회 2019 대한골대사학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Background: To compare bone density accrual and markers of bone geometry and formation between female adolescents engaged and not engaged in artistic gymnastics (AGs). Methods: This was a 12-month longitudinal study involving 20 female adolescents, including 10 controls and 10 gymnasts (AGs) aged 11 to 16 years. At baseline, the gymnasts had a minimum of 12 months of practice, and the controls reported no participation in any organized sport. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lower limbs, upper limbs, spine, and whole body. In addition, BMD and geometrical properties of the femur were assessed. As a bone formation marker, osteocalcin level was measured. Results: Femoral aspects were increased in the gymnasts by 19% (P=0.009), 14% (P=0.047), and 10% (P=0.046) in the Ward’s triangle, trochanter, and the overall bone, respectively, than in the control girls. Geometrical parameters, bone accrual, and osteocalcin levels were similar in both groups. The weekly training load explained 30.8% of all bone gains on the lower limbs and affected the density on parts of the femur. Conclusions: The gymnasts, after a 12-month follow-up, demonstrated a higher BMD in the Ward’s triangle and whole femur than the controls, as well as an improvement in femur density. These changes were mainly due to the weekly training load. Lastly, the gymnasts had significant bone accrual (after 12 months) in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and whole body.