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Diffusion Control of Porous Membrane by Modifying the Nanopore Properties
Kim, Mi Hee,Ayral, André,Park, Chung-Berm,Choy, Jin-Ho,Oh, Jae-Min American Scientific Publishers 2011 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.11 No.2
<P>We have investigated the diffusion of various solvents on nanoporous membranes with various pore size and surface energy. We have modified the size of pore channel and surface energy of porous membrane through grafting different sized alkyl chain on inorganic membranes. Typically, disc type zirconia membranes with pore size of 3 nm and silica ones with 1 nm pore were purchased from Inocermic Co. Ltd. (Germany), and the surface and pore channel was modified by either octyltriethoxysilane (OTS) with chain length approximately 1 nm or pentyltriethoxysilane (PTS) with chain length approximately 0.5 nm. The water contact angles of both OTS and PTS grafted membrane were larger than 100 degrees indicating the hydrophobically modified surface. Contact angles of hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents were also examined to obtain exact surface energy (gamma(sv)) of grafted membrane, and the values were determined to be 56.3, 45.3, and 42.2 mN/m for ungrafted, PTS- and OTS-grafted membrane, respectively. The solvent diffusion patterns were evaluated by measuring the concentration gradient of small dye molecule, azobenzene. The diffusion coefficients of various solvents were measured on the basis of Fick's diffusion law. It was concluded that the diffusivity is dependent on the pore size for solvent with low surface tension and on the gamma(sv) value for solvent with high surface tension.</P>
Ferit Akil,Umur Yollu,Muhammed Ayral,Faith Turgut,Murat Yener 대한이비인후과학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.10 No.1
Objectives. Despite the modern advances in thyroid surgery, recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln) paralysis is still a critical problem. In order to decrease the rate of this complication, rln anatomy has been studied intensively. In our study, we aimed to recognize the relationship of rln and landmarks of the first tracheal ring. Methods. Eighty-six female and 18 male patients who were undergone total thyroidectomy were included in this study. Trachea vertical height (tvh), right recurrent laryngeal nerve height (rrh), left recurrent laryngeal nerve height (lrh), right recurrent laryngeal nerve to trachea anterior face median raphe distance (rrd), left recurrent laryngeal nerve to trachea anterior face median raphe distance (lrd), right recurrent laryngeal nerve respect to trachea ratio (rrtr), and left recurrent laryngeal nerve respect to trachea ratio (lrtr) parameters of all patients were measured and compared in males and females using independent t-test and measurements on both right and left sides were compared statistically without sex discrimination. Results. There were no significant differences between groups in tvh, rrh, rrd, lrd, rrtr, and lrtr parameters. Lrh parameter was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.04). Comparison of right and left sides revealed that lrh was significantly higher than rrh (P<0.001), lrd was significantly higher than rrd (P<0.001), and rrtr was significantly higher than lrtr (P<0.001). Conclusion. In this study, we have shown that in all cases the rln was located around the lower half of trachea vertical length and at this level left rln was located significantly deeper than the right side.