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School Counselor Roles and Challenges in Japan
Ayako Ito 한국상담학회 2014 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.4 No.2
This paper provides a brief overview of the current status of Japanese school counselors certified as clinical psychologists (called school clinical psychologists or SCPs) in the Japanese educational system and provides a historical review, dividing the history into three periods. The first period was from 1995 to 2000, encompassing the beginning of SCP practice in public schools and associated challenges, including attaining acceptance and developing approaches to effective collaboration with teachers. The second period was from 2001 to 2008, as SCP numbers increased. The primary challenge of this period was how to standardize and share knowledge and practical skills among counselors, within the context of a large expansion. In the third period, encompassing 2009 to the present time, major challenges have included how to manage new requests from education bureaus and how to navigate complicated situations requiring multi-disciplinary collaboration with school social workers and other specialists. In addition, the present paper provides several case examples illustrating SCP roles and work realities.
Infectious peritonitis after endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in a patient with ascites
Nozomi Okuno,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Takamichi Kuwahara,Hiromichi Iwaya,Masahiro Tajika,Tsutomu Tanaka,Makoto Ishihara,Yutaka Hirayama,Sachiyo Onishi,Kazuhiro Toriyama,Ayako Ito,Naosuke Kuraoka,Shi 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.7 No.1
Summary of Event Bacterial, mycotic peritonitis and Candida fungemia developed in a patient with moderate ascites who had undergone endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). Antibiotics and antifungal agent were administered and ascites drainage was performed. Although the infection improved, the patient’s general condition gradually deteriorated due to aggravation of the primary cancer and he died. Teaching Point This is the first report to describe infectious peritonitis after EUS-BD. Ascites carries the potential risk of severe complications. As such, in patients with ascites, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is typically preferred over EUS-BD or percutaneous drainage to prevent bile leakage. However, ERCP may not be possible in some patients with tumor invasion of the duodenum or with surgically altered anatomy. Thus, in patients with ascites who require EUS-BD, we recommend inserting the drainage tube percutaneously and draining the ascites before and after the intervention in order to prevent severe infection.
Infectious peritonitis after endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in a patient with ascites
Nozomi Okuno,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Takamichi Kuwahara,Hiromichi Iwaya,Masahiro Tajika,Tsutomu Tanaka,Makoto Ishihara,Yutaka Hirayama,Sachiyo Onishi,Kazuhiro Toriyama,Ayako Ito,Naosuke Kuraoka,Shi 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.7 No.1
Summary of Event Bacterial, mycotic peritonitis and Candida fungemia developed in a patient with moderate ascites who had undergone endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). Antibiotics and antifungal agent were administered and ascites drainage was performed. Although the infection improved, the patient’s general condition gradually deteriorated due to aggravation of the primary cancer and he died. Teaching Point This is the first report to describe infectious peritonitis after EUS-BD. Ascites carries the potential risk of severe complications. As such, in patients with ascites, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is typically preferred over EUS-BD or percutaneous drainage to prevent bile leakage. However, ERCP may not be possible in some patients with tumor invasion of the duodenum or with surgically altered anatomy. Thus, in patients with ascites who require EUS-BD, we recommend inserting the drainage tube percutaneously and draining the ascites before and after the intervention in order to prevent severe infection. Summary of Event Bacterial, mycotic peritonitis and Candida fungemia developed in a patient with moderate ascites who had undergone endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). Antibiotics and antifungal agent were administered and ascites drainage was performed. Although the infection improved, the patient’s general condition gradually deteriorated due to aggravation of the primary cancer and he died. Teaching Point This is the first report to describe infectious peritonitis after EUS-BD. Ascites carries the potential risk of severe complications. As such, in patients with ascites, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is typically preferred over EUS-BD or percutaneous drainage to prevent bile leakage. However, ERCP may not be possible in some patients with tumor invasion of the duodenum or with surgically altered anatomy. Thus, in patients with ascites who require EUS-BD, we recommend inserting the drainage tube percutaneously and draining the ascites before and after the intervention in order to prevent severe infection.