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Atkinson Seddon,Aoki Takeshi 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3
This article provides an overview of the design methodology used to develop a conceptual set of reactivity control mechanism of a micro reactor based on the U-Battery. The U-Battery is based on remote deployment and therefore it is favourable to provide a long fuel lifecycle. This is achieved by implementing a high fissile loading content, which proves challenging when considering reactivity control methods. This article follows the design methodology used to overcome these issues, with an emphasis on a new concept of a moveable moderator which utilises the size of the U-Battery as a small reduction in moderation provides a significant reduction in reactivity. The latest work on this project sees the moveable moderator investigated during a depressurised loss of forced coolant accident, where a reduction of moderator volume increases the maximum fuel temperature experienced. The overall conclusion is that the maximum fuel temperature is not significantly increased (4 K) due to the central reflector region relatively lower volumetric heat capacity compared to that of whole core. However, a small temperature increase is observed immediately after the transient due to the central reflector removal because it reaches energy equilibrium with the fuel region faster.
Rich Nation, Liberal Internationalist: Ideology and Action in Japanese Foreign Aid Policy
Joel Atkinson 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2023 Asian International Studies Review Vol.24 No.2
Characterizations of foreign aid donors neglect the overarching importance of ideas in determining policy. This article explores Japan’s ideological criteria for foreign aid decision-making, differentiated both between goals and the instruments to achieve them, as well as between ideas in the specific foreground and the general background. Japan continues to operate with a recognizable postwar ideology, which synthesized aspects of an earlier militarist and economic nationalism paradigm with liberal internationalism. In recent years, the perception of a growing threat from China and other changes have catalyzed a shift in Japan’s ODA toward greater securitization and liberal value-orientation; however, aid policy still remains situated within this “Rich Nation, Liberal International” paradigm.
Leadership and Commitment: The United States and the Future of the Northeast Asian Order
Carol Atkinson,Giacomo Chiozza 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2011 Pacific Focus Vol.26 No.3
Since the end of World War II, peace, prosperity, and democracy have flourished in Northeast Asia in large part due to the United States willingness to devote extraordinary resources and exert leadership through a series of bilateral commitments to the nations of the region. In the past two decades, crises in other parts of the world have captured U.S. attention and resources: in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Soviet Union and now in the Middle East. What are the consequences of these demands on how the United States envisions its future role in Northeast Asia? We assess these consequences by evaluating the strategies that the United States has elaborated for the region and how those strategies resonate with people in the United States and in the region. Our analysis focuses on two questions: How does the United States envision its role in Northeast Asia? Does the United States have the political will to bear the costs to fulfill this role? We argue that despite increased demands on its attention and resources, the United States remains firmly committed to its leadership role in the region and the U.S. centric security architecture of bilateral institutions. Multilateral institutions will remain relatively ineffective and inefficient in addressing the most pressing regional issues.
Development Assistance and Geopolitics in Australia-China-Taiwan Relations
JOEL ATKINSON 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2015 Asian International Studies Review Vol.16 No.2
The development assistance programs of Australia, China and Taiwan impact each other’s geopolitical interests in the South Pacific region. This “aid triangle” has recently undergone a significant transformation. Previously, the interests of Australia and China aligned in competing against Taiwan for political influence in the region. However, since 2008, China-Taiwan relations have warmed and their aid contest in the South Pacific has been largely put on hold. This has ameliorated Taiwan’s conflict with Australia, and the two countries have increased their development assistance cooperation. However, China’s role in undermining Australia’s policy towards Fiji, and the global deterioration in China’s relations with a US coalition (including Australia), have potentially increased the competitive aspects of the Sino-Australian side of the triangle.
JOEL ATKINSON 한국국제정치학회 2010 한국국제정치학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.8
Australia’s interests related to the UN and its alliances and region have shaped its participation in peacekeeping operations. Australia’s limited participation in UN peacekeeping throughout the Cold War reflected the overriding importance of alliances and region during this period. The high point of Australian participation in global orientated UN peacekeeping occurred in the late 1980s-early 1990s. Since 1997, Australia has initiated several large peacekeeping missions in its immediate region, most notably in East Timor/Timor-Leste and Solomon Islands. Peacekeeping has shifted from being an activity Australia did primarily in the interest of its relationship with the UN, to one aimed at achieving its regional interests, even when carried out under the UN banner. So while peacekeeping has never been more important to Australia than it is today, peacekeeping for the UN is a low priority. Nevertheless, Australia’s major role in regional peacekeeping makes Australia a prospective partner in the ROK’s efforts to expand its international peacekeeping activities.
Sustainability of Capture Fisheries and SDG 14 : Life Below Water
JOEL ATKINSON,LUISA COOLS Institute for International Trade and Cooperation, 2017 Asian International Studies Review Vol.18 No.1
Unlike the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the new United Nations (UN) post-2015 Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include a goal related to conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas and marine resources— Sustainable Development Goal 14: “Life Below Water” (SDG 14). Inter alia, the goal aims to increase the sustainability of capture fisheries. For the most part, the sub-goals and targets emerging from this process are not new. Still, for the first time, fisheries have moved toward the center of the sustainable development discourse and the high profile of the SDGs may contribute to increased accountability. However, unless rhetoric translates into the political will to set measurable targets and enforce them, the goal alone cannot generate sustainability in capture fisheries.
Chinese Foreign Aid Belief Systems: Comparing 1958–1961 and Today
Joel Atkinson 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2021 Asian International Studies Review Vol.22 No.1
This article compares detailed descriptions of authoritative, policy-adjacent Chinese thinking about foreign aid, from 1958–1961 and today. It finds important differences, with a now greater acknowledged similarity between Western and Chinese aid as a powerful diplomatic, security and economic policy tool. However, overall there is remarkable consistency, suggesting salient carryovers in Chinese aid thinking. Notably, the giving and receiving of aid takes place within an overarching relationship-focused dialectical framework, understood from a perspective of Chinese socialist exceptionalism in opposition to Western (neo-)imperialist hegemony. Hence, there is a symmetry to the conceptualizations of Chinese and Western aid, with both seeking autonomy and power, overlaid with a stark asymmetry in essentialised motives.