The Locative of Cause Discounted: A Study of the Grammatical Exegeses in the Mahāvihāra Buddhist School

Aruna-Keerthi GAMAGE 동국대학교 불교학술원 2023 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.33 No.2

By analysing the glosses on the locative of cause (nimittasattamī or hetu) that appear in the exegetical works of the Mahāvihāra school, a branch of Theravāda Buddhism, this article proposes alternative renderings to existing English translations of some words in the received Theravāda canon (‘Tipiṭaka or Triple basket’). This study focuses primarily on the exegetical works of the Mahāvihāra school—Aṭṭhakathās or commentaries and Ṭīkās or subcommentaries—written in Sri Lanka in the first to early second millennium, in tandem with the relevant texts in the canon and their corresponding English translations. The grammatical analysis of the words and phrases of the canon is one of the hermeneutical strategies of the exegetical works of the Mahāvihāra school. Needless to say, these analyses are crucial to determining more appropriate interpretations of the canon. Among these grammatical analyses, the glosses on the locative of cause play a vital role. The Mahāvihāra exegetes offer a wealth of analysis on the locative of cause. While the commentaries recognize some cause-locatives in the canon, the subcommentaries also identify some of those not identified in the commentaries. Although the majority of scholars who translated the texts of the canon into English consulted the commentaries, only a handful consulted the subcommentaries. This is apparently one of the reasons why some important explanations about causal locatives in the canon are not taken into account. Although some of the leading scholars saw such analyses in these exegetical works, they did not consider adapting their translations in light of the analyses of cause-locatives. They often translated cause-locatives as simple locatives. This article highlights the importance of translating cause-locatives in the canon as cause-locatives and how these analyses are helpful for the reader to reach a much deeper level of understanding of the teachings in the canon.

Location of vital structures and available bone for the placement of dental implants in clinically edentulous patients: A cohort study

Aruna Wimalarathna,Indika Thilakumara,Vajira Jayasinghe,Prasad Amaratunga,Ruwan Jayasinghe 대한치과이식임플란트학회 2021 The Korean Academy of Implant Dentistry Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cohort of edentulous Sri Lankan patients and to consider important anatomical landmarks and available bone seen in dental panoramic tomography (DPT) for the placement of implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 152 clinically edentulous arches were selected from the DPTs of 81 patients. DPTs were taken following standard protocols. Radiographs were evaluated by a specialist for the following: the relative thickness of the soft tissue coverage of the alveolar ridge, location of the mandibular canal, mental foramen and the maxillary sinus, bone height at the maxillary canine, first premolar region, mandibular canine, and symphyseal region, and for the presence of buried roots or impacted teeth and foreign bodies. Results: The mean age of the patients in the sample was 68.4±9.8 years. The sample comprised 59.0% females and 41.0% males. Out of 152 edentulous arches, 75 (49.0%) were mandibular and 77 (51.0%) were maxillary arches. The mean soft tissue thickness was 2.2±0.89 mm. The average bone height from the lower alveolar crest to the mandibular canal was 10.5 mm in the first molar region. The position of the mental foramen was at 21.1±5.32 mm on the right side and 22.4±4.63 mm on the left from the midline. The bone height from the floor of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar crest was <5 mm in 73.3% of patients on the right side and 72.0% on the left side. Conclusions: Standard conventional implants were possible in the anterior segment and only short implants were possible in the posterior segment for the majority of edentulous Sri Lankan patients without the risk of damaging vital structures and with no additional pre-implant corrective surgical procedures. The average readings of anatomical parameters revealed in this study will be useful in the clinical and radiographical assessment of edentulous patients for dental implants.

Interactive learning in oral and maxillofacial radiology

Aruna Ramesh,Rumpa Ganguly 대한영상치의학회 2016 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: The use of electronic tools in teaching is growing rapidly in all fields, and there are many options to choose from. We present one such platform, Learning CatalyticsTM (LC) (Pearson, New York, NY, USA), which we utilized in our oral and maxillofacial radiology course for second-year dental students. Materials and Methods: The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between students’ performance on course exams and self-assessment LC quizzes. The performance of 354 predoctoral dental students from 2 consecutive classes on the course exams and LC quizzes was assessed to identify correlations using the Spearman rank correlation test. The first class was given in-class LC quizzes that were graded for accuracy. The second class was given out-of-class quizzes that were treated as online self-assessment exercises. The grading in the selfassessment exercises was for participation only and not accuracy. All quizzes were scheduled 1-2 weeks before the course examinations. Results: A positive but weak correlation was found between the overall quiz scores and exam scores when the two classes were combined (P<0.0001). A positive but weak correlation was likewise found between students’ performance on exams and on in-class LC quizzes (class of 2016) (P<0.0001) as well as on exams and online LC quizzes (class of 2017) (P<0.0001). Conclusion: It is not just the introduction of technological tools that impacts learning, but also their use in enabling an interactive learning environment. The LC platform provides an excellent technological tool for enhancing learning by improving bidirectional communication in a learning environment.

Free Vibration Analysis of Thin Circular Cylindrical Shell with Closure Using Finite Element Method

Aruna Rawat,Vasant A. Matsagar,A.K. Nagpal 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.1

Vibration analysis of a thin circular cylindrical shell with closure is conducted using fi nite element method (FEM). Theoretically, shell vibrates in diff erent axial modes, m ; circumferential modes, n ; and any of their combinations with corresponding modal frequencies. The present FEM results are verifi ed by the results reported in the literature using various shell theories. The eigenvalues of the shell are extracted using block Lanczos and subspace iteration methods, in order to investigate their computational effi cacy. Further, the eff ect of adding various types of closures at one end of the circular cylindrical shell such as fl at, cone, and dome, on the modal frequencies are investigated. The two aspect ratios (length to radius ratio) of shell with closure, broad, and slender are considered for this study. The eff ect of the ratio of the thickness of the closure to the thickness of shell wall on the frequency is also investigated. For the shell with the closure, the vibration modes can be cylinder, closure, or combined cylinder and closure. The modal frequency of the cylindrical shell is signifi cantly aff ected by the closure. The lowest frequency is observed in the fl at type of closure in both the broad and slender cylindrical shells in comparison to the non-closure, dome, and cone type of the closures.

Synthesis and characterizations of PPO based partially crosslinked anion exchange membrane materials for microbial fuel cell

Aruna Kumar Mohanty,김노원,백현종 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.1

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ether sulfone) block copolymers containing pendent quaternary ammonium- and imidazolium groups as anion exchange membranes

Aruna Kumar Mohanty,Nowon Kim,Hyun-jong Paik 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Soil Properties, Okra Performance and Nutrient Compositions as Affected by Tillage and Maize Cob Ash

Aruna Olasekan Adekiya,Taiwo Michael Agbede,Christopher Muyiwa Aboyeji,Kehinde Abodunde Adegbite,Oluwagbenga Dunsin,Timothy A. Adekanye,Charity O. Aremu 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2

Alfisols, the dominant soil order in southwest Nigeria in which crops are grown possess unfavorable peculiarities such as low inherent fertility and acidity. These limitations can be ameliorated by tillage and organic manuring. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons to assess the effects of tillage methods and maize cob ash (MCA) on soil properties, yield, growth, mineral, and vitamin C contents of okra fruit. The experiment consisted of 3x3 factorial combinations of three tillage methods (zero-tillage ZT, manual ridging MR, and plowing plus harrowing P+H) and three rates (0.0, 3.0, and 6.0 t ha-1) of application of MCA. Tillage methods and MCA influenced soil physical and chemical properties, performance, mineral and vitamin C contents of okra fruit significantly. MCA increased soil K, Ca, Mg, okra yield, growth, mineral and vitamin C contents of okra fruits up to 3 t ha-1 level after which there was a decrease. The order of reducing bulk density and soil chemical properties, increasing porosity, yield, growth, mineral and vitamin C contents of okra was: ZT > MR > P+H. Tillage appears to be indispensable for sustainable okra production on Alfisol of southwest Nigeria. Growth and yield of okra in this study was dependent on soil physical properties and chemical properties such as pH, OM, N, and K. Combination of P+H and 3 t ha-1 MCA produced better yield, growth, mineral and vitamin C contents of okra compared with other combinations of tillage with MCA. Addition of MCA to either P+H or MR is important to reduce the limitation of acidity associated with tropical Alfisol.

Hypersensitivity reaction in peri-oral skin associated with metal dental implants

Aruna Wimalarathna 대한치과이식임플란트학회 2021 The Korean Academy of Implant Dentistry Vol.40 No.3

The aim of this case study was to present the rare entity of hypersensitivity reaction in perioral skin which was associated with metal dental implants. A 69-year-old male patient treated with complete upper and lower implant-supported overdentures. The patient was ended up with extra-oral blackish pigmentations on his skin of the entire neck region four months after placement of implants. This presentation seemed to be suspected association of allergic reactions to metal dental implants in an otherwise healthy individual. Even though titanium considered as a biocompatible metal for using human surgical procedures, there are some instances which can be allergic for titanium and other associated elements. Therefore, it would be better to perform the hypersensitivity reaction test prior to introduce the metal devices for the patients.

Coincidence of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque, osteoporosis, and periodontal bone loss in dental panoramic radiographs

Aruna Ramesh,Sheila Soroushian,Rumpa Ganguly 대한영상치의학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the correlation of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque (CCAP), the mandibular cortical index, and periodontal bone loss in panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-five panoramic radiographs with CCAP and 234 without this finding were evaluated by 3 observers for the presence of osseous changes related to osteoporosis and periodontal bone loss. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the two groups for an association of CCAP with the mandibular cortical index and periodontal bone loss, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and osseous changes related to osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a p-value ⁄0.001. There was no statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and periodontal bone loss. When comparing the 2 groups, “With CCAP” and “Without CCAP”, there was a statistically significant association with the mean body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, positive history of diabetes mellitus, and vascular accidents. There was no statistically significant association with gender or a history of smoking. Conclusion: This study identified a possible concurrence of CCAP and mandibular cortical changes secondary to osteopenia/osteoporosis in panoramic radiographs. This could demonstrate the important role of dental professionals in screening for these systemic conditions, leading to timely and appropriate referrals resulting in early interventions and thus improving overall health.

Influence of Host Age on Development and Morphological Parameters of the Parasitoid Nesolynx thymus Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), An Ecto-Pupal Parasitoid of the Uzi Fly, Exorista bombycis (Louis) (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Aruna A.S.,Manjunath D. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.12 No.1

The present investigation was conducted to know the effects of host age on development and morphological characteristics of Nesolynx thymus, a gregarious ectopupal parasitoid of the uzi fly, Exorista bombycis, a serious en do-larval parasitoid of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. For experimentation, 3 - 11 day-old pupae of E. bombycis were exposed to 2 day-old adults of N. thymus at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C\;and\;60{\pm}10%$ RH. A highly significant negative correlation between host age and the following development and morphological characteristics of the parasitoid was observed: number of pupae parasitised, total adult recovery, sex ratio and recovery, longevity, body length, wing span, abdomen length, and abdomen width of females. The findings of the present study clearly demonstrate that various development and morphological parameters of N. thymus are influenced by the age of E. bombycis pupae.