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The Dynamics of Welfare Policy-Making in South Korea: Social Movements as Policy Entrepreneurs
Antonio Fiori and Sunhyuk Kim,김선혁 한국사회복지학회 2011 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.5 No.2
This paper analyzes the role of social movements in the creation and evolution of a welfare state inSouth Korea. We begin with a theoretical overview of the existing works on policy change, highlightingconcepts such as ideas, policy paradigms, and windows of opportunity. We then examinestate institutions, hegemonic policy paradigms, and the specific dynamics of welfare policy-makingduring South Korea’s authoritarian period (1961–1987). Next, characterizing the democratic transitionin 1987 and the economic crisis of 1997–1998 as ‘‘windows of opportunity,’’ we probe howsocial movements emerged as ‘‘policy entrepreneurs’’ and played crucial roles in building welfareinstitutions and promoting welfare policies. In particular, we focus on the role of social movementsin legislating the National Basic Livelihood Security Act in 1999 and consolidating fragmentedhealth insurance systems in 2000. We conclude that social movements in democratized SouthKorea have assumed the role of policy entrepreneurs, filling the vacuum left by the central governmentand elite bureaucrats in the field of social welfare policy-making.
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