Design and Performance Evaluation of Low Cost Earth to Air Heat Exchanger Model Suitable for Small Buildings in Arid and Semi Arid Regions

Anil Kumar Misra,Mayank Gupta,Manish Lather,Himanshu Garg 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.4

An experimental study was performed on a prototype model of Earth to Air Heat Exchanger System (EAHE) equipped with low cost material like PVC pipes and exhaust fans made on temporary platform. Emphasis was given on the design of the duct system suitable for small houses without any space in urban and rural areas. Tests were performed to predict the cooling potential and impact of the material on the performance of EAHE system. Experiment was performed continuously for more than three weeks and the result shows that irrespective to the inlet air temperature (ranges from 34oC to 44oC), outlet air temperature was recorded between 20oC to 22oC, which shows the effectiveness of the system. No significant affect of the material used for making the underground air pipe system was recorded on the performance of the model. The Minimum EER (W/W) ratio calculated for the prototype model was around 3.78, which is equivalent to a Energy Star 5 rating, the most efficient system. The weekly energy saving potential of the model before and after integration of EAHE was analyzed i.e., around 5 kWh/week and 20 kWh/week respectively. This considerable increase in weekly energy savings potential of model due to EAHE leads to mitigation of CO2 emissions if implemented in the residential, commercial and industrial buildings and the corresponding annual carbon credit of these buildings can be decreased manifold. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of model also shows that the payback period is around 3 to 4 years for the investment on EAHE system. After a series of experimental analysis the study also reveals that EAHE system is easily and economically feasible technique which can drastically reduce the consumption of energy in future and eliminate the need for conventional compressor based cooling systems.

Design and Performance Study of a Hot Water Driven 5 TR Capacity Absorption Cooling System

Anil Sharma,Bimal Kumar Mishra,Abhinav Dinesh,Ashok Misra 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.6

Use of high grade electrical energy, generated from fossil fuels, for cooling has increased environmental concerns like global warming and ozone layer depletion. Hence, there is a need to reduce dependence on them and explore potential environmental friendly options. In this aspect, vapor absorption system has scope of utilizing low grade energy source i.e. hot water from solar panel, to generate cooling effect and are environment friendly as no chloro-floro-carbons are used. The most usual combination of absorber refrigerant pair in such system is lithium bromide water (LiBr–H2O), where water vapor is the refrigerant. In present work, a hot water driven, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a lithium bromide water solution, is analyzed for determining the effect of various parameters on coefficient of performance (COP). Four basic stages in the absorption cycle are generation, condensation, evaporation and absorption with ideally no moving part. A configuration of theses four stages, having 5 TR cooling capacity is determined and examined for the variation in COP corresponds to the change in pressure and concentration. The pressure parameter is varied in condenser and evaporator, resulting graph shows that the increment in pressure of evaporator increases the COP whereas increment of pressure in condenser decreases the COP. At lower inlet concentration of LiBr solution to the absorber gives increment in COP.

LRFD Resistance Factors for Auger Cast-in-Place Piles using the t-z Model

Sung Won Park,Anil Misra 한국지반공학회 2012 international journal of geo-engineering Vol.4 No.3

In the recent years, there has been a move to shift the design approach from working stress design to load resistance factor design (LRFD) methods. With the increasing use of augered cast-in-place (ACIP) piles in new construction, it is important that proper resistance factors be developed for the LRFD method. This paper focuses upon the development of the ACIP pile resistance factors using the t-z model. The t-z model provides the ability to enhance the load test data and to interpret field data for loading conditions beyond those measured during test. Ten static load tests consisting of load-settlement and load transfer data for ACIP piles were analyzed using the t-z model. A series of hack-calculations were performed to enhance the static load test data, which were then analyzed to obtain resistance bias factors for the currently used ACIP pile design methods. In addition, the back-calculated t-z model parameters were compared to those predicted using correlations for standard field investigation data, including standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT) and effective stress of the ground, Subsequently, the resistance biases were then used to obtain the resistance factors based upon the First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) method Although, the LRFD of AC1P piles can be performed using the obtained resistance factors, the current design methods arc found to predict the side and tip behavior inconsistently and, therefore, the need for improved methods for resistance factor calibration are suggested.

t-z 방법을 이용한 말뚝기초 설계기준별 비교분석

박성원(Park, Sungwon),Anil Misra 한국지반환경공학회 2012 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.13 No.10

현장재하시험결과를 이용하여 현재 우리나라를 비롯한 많은 나라에서 사용하고 있는 말뚝기초 설계기준에 대한 효율성을 분석하였다. 문헌조사를 통해 12개의 현장타설말뚝 및 매입말뚝 재하시험자료를 수집하였으며 이를 t-z 방법으로 분석하였다. 재하 시험결과로부터 각 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 (1) Davisson 방법, (2) 말뚝직경의 5% 또는 10%의 침하가 발생하는 하중을 이용하여 극한지지력을 평가하였다. 또한, 미국, 캐나다, 유럽, 그리고 일본의 설계기준에서 각각 제시한 방법을 이용하여 현장타설말뚝과 매입말뚝의 극한 지지력을 계산하였다. 재하시험에서 분석된 극한 지지력과 설계기준에 의해 계산된 극한 지지력을 비교한 결과,대부분의 설계기준은 말뚝기초의 극한지지력을 보수적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 일부 설계기준은 현장타설말뚝의 지지력을 과대평가하는 것으로 나타나 일부 설계기준은 적용 시 주의를 요하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 본 연구는 t-z 방법을 이용하여 말뚝기초의 극한 지지력 및 하중전이 관계를 성공적으로 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The efficiency of the current design methods for computing pile resistances is analyzed using field load-settlement tests results. Twelve load-settlement test data for drilled shafts and bored piles were obtained from the literature. These load-test data were fitted using the t-z method. Subsequently, the ultimate resistances were evaluated based upon the failure criteria from following methods: (1) the Davisson’s approach and (2) settlement corresponding to 5% or 10% shaft diameter approach. The ultimate resistances for these drilled shafts and bored piles were also predicted using methods based on the design code from North America (United States, Canada), Europe, and Asia (Japan). The pile resistances determined from field load-settlement tests were compared with those calculated using the design codes. The comparisons show that most design codes predict a conservative resistance for drilled shafts and bored piles. However, in the case of drilled shafts, we find that some of the design codes can over-predict the resistance and, therefore, should be applied cautiously. This research also shows that the t-z method can be successfully used to predict the ultimate resistance and the load transfer mechanism for a single pile.

Spatially integrated estimator of finite population total by integrating data from two independent surveys using spatial information

Paul Nobin Chandra,Rai Anil,Ahmad Tauqueer,Biswas Ankur,Sahoo Prachi Misra 한국통계학회 2024 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.53 No.1

A major goal of survey sampling is finite population inference. In recent years, large-scale survey programs have encountered many practical challenges which include higher data collection cost, increasing non-response rate, increasing demand for disaggregated level statistics and desire for timely estimates. Data integration is a new field of research that provides a timely solution to these above-mentioned chal- lenges by integrating data from multiple surveys. Now, it is possible to develop a framework that can efficiently combine information from several surveys to obtain more precise estimates of population parameters. In many surveys, parameters of interest are often spatial in nature, which means, the relationship between the study variable and covariates varies across all locations in the study area and this situation is referred as spatial non-stationarity. Hence, there is a need of a sampling method- ology that can efficiently tackle this spatial non-stationarity problem and can be able to integrate this spatially referenced data to get more detailed information. In this study, a Geographically Weighted Spatially Integrated (GWSI) estimator of finite population total was developed by integrating data from two independent surveys using spatial information. The statistical properties of the proposed spatially inte- grated estimator were then evaluated empirically through a spatial simulation study. Three different spatial populations were generated having high spatial autocorrela- tion. The proposed spatially integrated estimator performed better than usual design- based estimator under all three populations. Furthermore, a Spatial Proportionate Bootstrap (SPB) method was developed for variance estimation of the proposed spa- tially integrated estimator.

Pro-(IL-18) and Anti-(IL-10) Inflammatory Promoter Genetic Variants (Intrinsic Factors) with Tobacco Exposure (Extrinsic Factors) May Influence Susceptibility and Severity of Prostate Carcinoma: A Prospective Study

Dwivedi, Shailendra,Singh, Sarvesh,Goel, Apul,Khattri, Sanjay,Mandhani, Anil,Sharma, Praveen,Misra, Sanjeev,Pant, Kamlesh Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: It has been hypothesized that IL-18 (pro-) and IL-10 (anti-) inflammatory genetic variants at -607 C/A-137G/C and -819C/T,-592C/A, respectively, may generate susceptibility and severity risk with various modes of tobacco exposure in prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed on various cells including prostate gland elements, and is a key mediator of immune responses with anti-cancerous properties. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is associated with tumour malignancy which causes immune escape. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with 540 subjects, comprising 269 prostate carcinoma patients and 271 controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by real time PCR probe-based methods. Results: The findings indicated that the mutant heterozygous and homozygous genotype CC and GC+CC showed significant negative associations (p=0.01, OR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.51 and p=0.011, OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.81, respectively) thus, less chance to be diagnosed as cancer against GG genotype of tobacco smoking patients. In addition, a heterozygous GC genotype at the same locus of IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokine may aggravate the severity (OR=2.82; 95%CI 1.09-7.29 :p=001) so that patients are more likely to be diagnosed in advanced stage than with the GG wild homozygous genotype. Our results also illustrated that anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) genetic variants, although showing no significant association with susceptibility to cancer of the prostate, may gave profound effects on severity of the disease, as -819 TC (OR=4.60; 95%CI 1.35-15.73), and -592 AC (OR=5.04; 95%CI 1.08-25.43) of IL-10 in tobacco chewers and combined users (both chewers and smokers) respectively, are associated with diagnosis in more advanced stage than with other variants. Conclusions: We conclude that promoter genetic variants of IL-18 and IL-10 with various modes of tobacco exposure may affect not only susceptibility risk but also severity in prostate cancer.