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Double Balloon Enteroscopy in a North American Setting: A Large Single Center 5-year Experience
( Gulseren Seven ),( Richard A. Kozarek ),( Andrew Ross ),( Shayan Irani ),( Michael Gluck ),( Drew Schembre ),( Johannes Koch ),( S. Ian Gan ) 대한장연구학회 2013 Intestinal Research Vol.11 No.1
Background/Aims: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) allows both diagnosis and therapeutic maneuvers in the small bowel. Its use was pioneered in Europe and Asia but there remains a relative paucity of literature from North America. Our aim in this study was to determine diagnostic and therapeutic yield in a North American setting. Methods: A five-year retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing DBE at a single tertiary care North American hospital was performed. Results: Four-hundred fifty-seven procedures, 265 anterograde and 192 retrograde, were performed on 335 patients. The most common indications were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, and suspected masses and mucosal abnormalities. Total enteroscopy was achieved in 19 of the 89 patients who had both anterograde and retrograde procedures. Overall diagnostic yield in the determination of cause of symptoms or previous imaging was 52%. The most common causes of obscure bleeding were small bowel ulcers (10%), vascular lesions (25%) and neoplasms (10%). The most common causes of small bowel obstruction were strictures, some of which underwent dilation. Other therapeutic interventions included polypectomy, retrieval of retained capsules, stent retrievals and percutaneous enteral jejunostomy tube placement. Overall complication rates were very low (0.6%) and included medication reaction (n=1), scope dysfunction (n=1) and perforation (n=1). Conclusions: DBE can be performed safely and with good diagnostic yield in a single referral center in North America. (Intest Res 2013;11:34-40)
Optical Anisotropy in Micromechanically Rolled Carbon Nanotube Forest
Mohd Asyraf bin Mohd Razib,Masud Rana,Tanveer Saleh,Harrison Fan,Andrew Koch,Alireza Nojeh,Kenichi Takahata,Asan Gani Bin Abdul Muthalif 대한금속·재료학회 2017 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.13 No.5
The bulk appearance of arrays of vertically aligned carbonnanotubes (VACNT arrays or CNT forests) is dark as theyabsorb most of the incident light. In this paper, two postprocessingtechniques have been described where the CNTforest can be patterned by selective bending of the tips of thenanotubes using a rigid cylindrical tool. A tungsten tool wasused to bend the vertical structure of CNTs with predefinedparameters in two different ways as stated above: bendingusing the bottom surface of the tool (micromechanicalbending (M2B)) and rolling using the side of the tool(micromechanical rolling (M2R)). The processed zone wasinvestigated using a Field Emission Scanning ElectronMicroscope (FESEM) and optical setup to reveal the surfacemorphology and optical characteristics of the patterned CNTson the substrate. Interestingly, the polarized optical reflection from the micromechanical rolled (M2R) sample was found to besignificantly influenced by the rotation of the sample. It was observed that, if the polarization of the light is parallel to thealignment of the CNTs, the reflectance is at least 2 x higher than for the perpendicular direction. Furthermore, the reflectancevaried almost linearly with good repeatability (~10%) as the processed CNT forest sample was rotated from 0° to 90°.