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Andrea Crivellini,Alessandra Nigro,Alessandro Colombo,Antonio Ghidoni,Gianmaria Noventa,Andrea Cimarelli,Roberto Corsini 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.34 No.1
In this work the numerical results of the flow around a 5:1 rectangular cylinder at Reynolds numbers 3 000 and 40 000, zero angle of attack and smooth incoming flow condition are presented. Implicit Large Eddy Simulations (ILES) have been performed with a high-order accurate spatial scheme and an implicit high-order accurate time integration method. The spatial approximation is based on a discontinuous Galerkin (dG) method, while the time integration exploits a linearly-implicit Rosenbrock-type Runge-Kutta scheme. The aim of this work is to show the feasibility of high-fidelity flow simulations with a moderate number of DOFs and large time step sizes. Moreover, the effect of different parameters, i.e., dimension of the computational domain, mesh type, grid resolution, boundary conditions, time step size and polynomial approximation, on the results accuracy is investigated. Our best dG result at Re=3 000 perfectly agrees with a reference DNS obtained using Nek5000 and about 40 times more degrees of freedom. The Re=40 000 computations, which are strongly under-resolved, show a reasonable correspondence with the experimental data of Mannini et al. (2017) and the LES of Zhang and Xu (2020).
Robust Supervisors for Intersection Collision Avoidance in the Presence of Legacy Vehicles
Heejin Ahn,Andrea Rizzi,Alessandro Colombo 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.2
Vehicle coordination at road intersections to prevent collisions has recently drawn a lot of research attention, but still remains challenging due to a large volume of traffic composed of autonomous and human-driven vehicles. In this paper, we present the design and validation of a supervisory algorithm for collision avoidance at road intersections, in the simultaneous presence of measurement errors, unmodeled dynamics, and vehicles that are not equipped with autonomous driving features. We design a supervisor that takes control of vehicles that are capable of communication and autonomous actions, only when necessary to avoid a collision, or otherwise leaves control to their drivers. This supervisor is least restrictive, that is, it takes control away from drivers only when necessary to avoid future collisions. Since the complexity of the supervisor algorithm is combinatorial with the number of vehicles, we also design an approximate supervisor that can handle more realistic scenarios with a larger number of vehicles in polynomially bounded time at the expense of an additional, yet quantified, restrictiveness. The least restrictive supervisor is validated through experimental testings using three small-scale vehicles, and the approximate supervisor is validated through computer simulations.
Marco Petrillo,Massimo Zucchettii,Stefano Cianci,Lavinia Morosi,Carlo Ronsini,Andrea Colombo,Maurizio D'Incalci,Giovanni Scambia,Anna Fagotti 대한부인종양학회 2019 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.30 No.4
Objective: Evidences from animal models seem to suggest that minimally invasive surgery may enhance cisplatin diffusion when the drug is administered in the context of post-operative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The present study evaluates the cisplatin pharmacokinetic profile in a prospective series of women with platinum sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treated with open secondary cytoreductive surgery (O-SCS) or minimally-invasive secondary cytoreductive surgery (MI-SCS).Methods: Cisplatin levels were assessed at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 120 minutes in: 1) blood samples, 2) peritoneal perfusate, and 3) peritoneal biopsies at the end of HIPEC. Median Cmax has been used to identify women with high and low drug levels. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated as the time elapsed between SCS+HIPEC and secondary recurrence or last follow-up visit.Results: Nine (45.0%) women received MI-SCS, and 11 (55.0%) O-SCS. At 60 minutes, median cisplatin Cmax in peritoneal tissue was higher in patients treated with MI-SCS compared to O-SCS (Cmax=8.262 μg/mL vs. Cmax=4.057 μg/mL). Furthermore, median cisplatin plasma Cmax was higher in patients treated with MI-SCS compared to O-SCS (Cmax=0.511 vs. Cmax=0.254 μg/mL; p-value=0.012) at 120 minutes. With a median follow-up time of 24 months, women with higher cisplatin peritoneal Cmax showed a longer PFS compared to women with low cisplatin peritoneal levels (2-years PFS=70% vs. 35%; p-value=0.054).Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that minimally invasive route enhances cisplatin peritoneal tissue uptake during HIPEC, further evaluations are needed to confirm the correlation between peritoneal cisplatin levels after HIPEC and survival. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01539785