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사염화탄소를 투여한 흰쥐의 간세포에 대한 식물추출물들의 보호효과
김성환,Allan G. Clark 강원대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 기초과학연구 Vol.14 No.-
본 실험은 사염화탄소 독성에 대한 몇 가지 식물소재들 (솔잎, 콩나물, 인진쑥, 표고버섯)의 간보호 효과를 조사키 위해 수행되었다. 우선 일차 간세포배양에서 식물추출물 (열수 또는 에탄올)을 미리 급여 (20 mg/ml 배지)하고 2시간후 사염화탄소를 처리 (50 μl)한 결과, 배지내 AST 와 ALT 효소활성은 솔잎에서 가장 낮았고, 콩나물, 인진쑥에서도 부분적인 유의성 (p<0.05)있는 감소를 보였다. 동물실험에서는 3주간의 식물첨가 사료를 급여 후 사염화탄소를 이틀간 복강주사 (1 mg/kg 체중)하였다. 혈청내 AST, ALT 활성은 세포 배양의 결과와 유사하게 솔잎, 콩나물, 인진쑥에서 낮은 효과를 보였다. 예상대로 사염화탄소만의 처리는 지질 과산화물과 cytochrome P-450의 함량과 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 크게 증가시켰다. 반면에 사료에 첨가된 식물소재들 중 솔잎, 콩나물 또는 인진쑥을 먹이고 사염화탄소를 처리한 군들에서는 일반적으로 지질과산화와 XOD 활성 증가를 억제하였고 cytochrome P-450의 함량 증가는 솔잎과 인진쑥에서만 관찰되었다. Cytochrome P-450의 함량증가에 대한 식물추출물들의 효과는 확실하지 않았지만, 특히 솔잎 과 콩나물은 항산화와 관련된 실험 내용의 대부분에서 가장 좋은 효과를 보였다. To investigate the effects of some plant extracts on the protection against liver damage by CCl4 in rat, two kinds of experiment were performed, firstly by the primary hepatocyte culture and secondly by the animal feeding. The primary hepatocyte culture with the extracts of pine leaf, soybean sprout and mugwort showed significantly low activities(p<0.05) of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), meaning an excellent protective effect against liver damage by CCl4. In the second experiment, the microsomal malondialdehyde(MDA) contents of the above same groups were also significantly lower(p<0.01) than the CCl4-treated group without plant extracts, but shiitake showed less effect. Among the 4 kinds of plant extracts, extracts of pine leaf and mugwort showed also much higher activities of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 in comparison to soybean sprout and shiitake. In the test of xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity, all of three groups except shiitake showed significantly low activities(p<0.01). These consistent results in vitro and in vivo suggest that the extracts of pine leaf, soybean sprout and mugwort may have strong protective effects against liver damage induced by the potential toxicants such as CCl4.
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A 6-Point TACS Score Predicts In-Hospital Mortality Following Total Anterior Circulation Stroke
Adrian D Wood,Nicholas D Gollop,Joao H Bettencourt-Silva,Allan B Clark,Anthony K Metcalf,Kristian M Bowles,Marcus D Flather,John F Potter,Phyo Kyaw Myinta 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.4
Background and Purpose Little is known about the factors associated with in-hospital mortality following total anterior circulation stroke (TACS). We examined the characteristics and comorbidity data for TACS patients in relation to in-hospital mortality with the aim of developing a simple clinical rule for predicting the acute mortality outcome in TACS. Methods A routine data registry of one regional hospital in the UK was analyzed. The sub¬jects were 2,971 stroke patients with TACS (82% ischemic; median age=81 years, interquar¬tile age range=74–86 years) admitted between 1996 and 2012. Uni- and multivariate regres¬sion models were used to estimate in-hospital mortality odds ratios for the study covariates. A 6-point TACS scoring system was developed from regression analyses to predict in-hospi¬tal mortality as the outcome. Results Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of TACS were male sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.19], age (AOR=4.96 for ≥85 years vs. <65 years), hemorrhagic subtype (AOR=1.70), nonlateralization (AOR=1.75), prestroke disability (AOR=1.73 for moderate disability vs. no symptoms), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (AOR=1.61). Risk stratifica¬tion using the 6-point TACS Score [T=type (hemorrhage=1 point) and territory (nonlateral¬ization=1 point), A=age (65–84 years=1 point, ≥85 years=2 points), C=CHF (if present=1 point), S=status before stroke (prestroke modified Rankin Scale score of 4 or 5=1 point)] reli-ably predicted a mortality outcome: score=0, 29.4% mortality; score=1, 46.2% mortality [negative predictive value (NPV)=70.6%, positive predictive value (PPV)=46.2%]; score=2, 64.1% mortality (NPV=70.6, PPV=64.1%); score=3, 73.7% mortality (NPV=70.6%, PPV=73.7%); and score=4 or 5, 81.2% mortality (NPV=70.6%, PPV=81.2%). Conclusions We have identified the key determinants of in-hospital mortality following TACS and derived a 6-point TACS Score that can be used to predict the prognosis of particular patients.
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Emma J. Foster,Raphae S. Barlas,Adrian D Wood,Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva,Allan B Clark,Anthony K Metcalf,Kristian M Bowles,John F Potter,Phyo K. Myint 대한신경과학회 2017 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.13 No.4
Background and Purpose The risks of falls and fractures increase after stroke. Little is known about the prognostic significance of previous falls and fractures after stroke. This study examined whether having a history of either event is associated with poststroke mortality. Methods We analyzed stroke register data collected prospectively between 2003 and 2015. Eight sex-specific models were analyzed, to which the following variables were incrementally added to examine their potential confounding effects: age, type of stroke, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification, previous comorbidities, frailty as indicated by the prestroke modified Rankin Scale score, and acute illness parameters. Logistic regression was applied to investigate in-hospital and 30-day mortality, and Cox proportional-hazards models were applied to investigate longer-term outcomes of mortality. Results In total, 10,477 patients with stroke (86.1% ischemic) were included in the analysis. They were aged 77.7±11.9 years (mean±SD), and 52.2% were women. A history of falls was present in 8.6% of the men (n=430) and 20.2% of the women (n=1,105), while 3.8% (n=189) of the men and 12.9% of the women (n=706) had a history of both falls and fractures. Of the outcomes examined, a history of falls alone was associated with increased in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR)=1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03–1.71] and 30-day mortality (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.03–1.73) in women in the fully adjusted models. The Cox proportional-hazards models for longer-term outcomes and the history of falls and fractures combined showed no significant results. Conclusions The history of falls is an important factor for acute stroke mortality in women. A previous history of falls may therefore be an important factor to consider in the short-term stroke prognosis, particularly in women.
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