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Motivating Factors for the Participation of Women in the Jordanian House of Representatives
Shorouq Issa Ahmad Shatnawi 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2015 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2015 No.7
After women got the right to vote and run for office in 1974, and her involvement and participation in the elections of the House of Representatives for the first time in 1989, Women’s quota which was adopted in 2003 by the Jordanian government was considered one of the most important factor that opened a wide opportunity for the women’s participation in the Parliamentary elections. Since this quota system guarantees the women winning of Parliamentary seats in case of failure to win such seats through the free competition. The women’s attempts since 1989 to get to the House of Representatives by free competition was impossible due to integrated factors and reasons. The most important of which are the social customs, norms and traditions favoring the election of men over women except for the arrival of only one woman to the House of Representatives before the quota system which was the wining of “Toujan Faisal” in the free competition in 1993. Therefore, in the course of developing the political life in Jordan, on empowering women political role, the quota system was approved. Under the quota system, specific seats for women in the Jordanian House of Representatives are allocated. This initiative resulted in an increase in the number of women who have ran for the Jordanian House of Representatives in subsequent Parliaments, in addition to the change in the Jordanian tribes to elect the female candidates of the same tribe hoping to increase the chance to win a parliamentary seat by quota. This led to the increase of the quota seats from six in 2003 to fifteen in 2013. This study aims to make a focus on women’s quota system as one of the most important factors of motivating women to participate in the parliamentary elections of the Jordanian House of Representatives, and an important factor contributes to accept women’s nomination and election.
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Knowledge, Barriers and Attitudes Towards Breast Cancer Mammography Screening in Jordan
Abu-Helalah, Munir Ahmad,Alshraideh, Hussam Ahmad,Al-Serhan, Ala-Aldeen Ahmad,Kawaleet, Mariana,Nesheiwat, Adel Issa Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9
Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years. Results: A total of 507 participants with mean age of $46.8{\pm}7.8$ years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%). Conclusions: In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.
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A Novel Neural Network Ternary Arithmetic Logic Unit
Ali Haidar,M. Jad Hamdan,M. Backer Rashid,Hassan Hamieh,Ahmad Issa,Abdallah Kassem 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
in this paper we introduce a new set of ternary neural networks to realize a novel Ternary Arithmetic Logic Unit (TALU). All the neurons take advantage of the Logic Oriented neural network mathematical tools and parallelism concepts allowing fast and simple systematic analysis. The simulation results, done using MATLAB Simulink, demonstrate the feasibility, functionality and the correctness of the neural networks designed.
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