A rationally designed small molecule for identifying an <i>in vivo</i> link between metal–amyloid-β complexes and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Beck, Michael W.,Oh, Shin Bi,Kerr, Richard A.,Lee, Hyuck Jin,Kim, So Hee,Kim, Sujeong,Jang, Milim,Ruotolo, Brandon T.,Lee, Joo-Yong,Lim, Mi Hee Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical Science Vol.6 No.3

<▼1><P>An <I>in vivo</I> chemical tool designed to target metal–Aβ complexes and modulate their activity was applied to the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) demonstrating the involvement of metal–Aβ in AD pathology.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Multiple factors, including amyloid-β (Aβ), metals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metal ions can interact with Aβ species generating toxic oligomers and ROS <I>in vitro</I>; however, the involvement of metal–Aβ complexes in AD pathology <I>in vivo</I> remains unclear. To solve this uncertainty, we have developed a chemical tool (<B>L2-b</B>) that specifically targets metal–Aβ complexes and modulates their reactivity (<I>i.e.</I>, metal–Aβ aggregation, toxic oligomer formation, and ROS production). Through the studies presented herein, we demonstrate that <B>L2-b</B> is able to specifically interact with metal–Aβ complexes over metal-free Aβ analogues, redirect metal–Aβ aggregation into off-pathway, nontoxic less structured Aβ aggregates, and diminish metal–Aβ-induced ROS production, overall mitigating metal–Aβ-triggered toxicity, confirmed by multidisciplinary approaches. <B>L2-b</B> is also verified to enter the brain <I>in vivo</I> with relative metabolic stability. Most importantly, upon treatment of 5XFAD AD mice with <B>L2-b</B>, (i) metal–Aβ complexes are targeted and modulated in the brain; (ii) amyloid pathology is reduced; and (iii) cognition deficits are significantly improved. To the best of our knowledge, by employing an <I>in vivo</I> chemical tool specifically prepared for investigating metal–Aβ complexes, we report for the first time experimental evidence that metal–Aβ complexes are related directly to AD pathogenesis.</P></▼2>

Second preduals of tridual von Neumann algebras are geometrically unique

A. I. Shtern 장전수학회 2008 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.17 No.1

The main result of the note claims that, if a von Neumann algebra Ais the third dual to some Banach space and thus, as is known, is the bidual of somevon Neumann algebra A, then the natural homomorphic projection of A onto theweakly closed two-sided ideal in A isomorphic to A (the kernel of this homomorphismcoincides with that of the canonical projection of A onto A dual to the canonicalembedding of the predual of A in the predual of A) is dened uniquely by A. Thus,the von Neumann algebra A, the image of the above projection, is not only uniquelydened (up to isomorphism) by its enveloping von Neumann algebra A but also theimage of the \canonical normal embedding" of A in A (onto the image of the aboveprojection) is uniquely dened, i.e., this weakly closed two-sided ideal in A isomorphicto A is uniquely dened geometrically. This enables us to rene some known resultson predual spaces of von Neumann algebras.

Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

$n$-weak amenability and strong double limit property

A.R. Medghalchi,T. Yazdanpanah 대한수학회 2005 대한수학회보 Vol.42 No.2

Let {mathcal A} be a Banach algebra, we say that {mathcalA}has the strongly double limit property (SDLP) if for each boundednet (a_{alpha}) in {mathcal A} and each bounded net(a^*_{beta}) in {mathcal A}^*, lim_{alpha}lim_{beta}leftlangle a_{alpha} , a^*_{beta}rightrangle = lim_{beta} lim_{alpha} leftlangle a_{alpha}, a^*_{beta} rightrangle whenever both iterated limits exist. In this paperamong other results we show that if {mathcal A} has the SDLP and{mathcal A}^{**} is (n-2)-weakly amenable, then {mathcal A} isn-weakly amenable. In particular, it is shown that if {mathcalA}^{**} is weakly amenable and {mathcal A} has the SDLP, then ${\mathcal A}$ is weakly amenable

Solvothermal synthesis of high-performance Ni-Co layered double hydroxide nanofoam electrode for electrochemical energy storage

Patel, R.,Inamdar, A.I.,Hou, B.,Cha, S.,Ansari, A.T.,Gunjakar, J.L.,Im, H.,Kim, H. ELSEVIER 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.4

<P>A nanofoam nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo(OH)(2)) electrode film is fabricated on a stainless-steel substrate with the use of a simple one-step solvothermal process. The nanofoam NiCo(OH)(2) electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2710.2 Fig at a current density.of 9.1 A/g, and a good capacity retention of similar to 70% after 2000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 31.8 A/g. An energy density of 60.23 Wh/kg is obtained at a power density of 1.8 kW/kg. The excellent electrochemical energy storage performance of the NiCo(OH)(2) electrode is due to the synergetic effect of a significantly improved ionic diffusion and an effective charge transfer, which is linked to a well-dispersed interconnected nanofoam morphology and binder-free direct contact with the current collector. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Photocatalytic abatement of phenol on amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-bentonite heterostructures under visible light irradiation

Menelisi C. Dlamini,Mbongiseni L. Dlamini,Pumza Mente,Boitumelo Tlhaole,Rudolph Erasmus,Manoko S. Maubane-Nkadimeng,John A. Moma 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-

A simplistic solvothermal process to fabricate novel amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-Bentonite (A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt)multidimensional photocatalysts in this work is a practical and economically feasible technique for thefabrication of the reported photocatalysts as it is a one-pot process. The stickiness of the A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt wet cake and the low drying temperature make A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt a feasible platform compositefor the fabrication of the photoreactive inner coating of water treatment containers for photocatalytictreatment of drinking water. The A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt photocatalyst with an A-TiO2:BiOBr:Bt mass ratio of1:1:2 (Ti1Bi1Bt2) displayed the highest BET surface area of 124.8 m2/g, a low bandgap of 2.86 eV, and sufficientlylow electron-hole recombination rate. The high number of A-TiO2-BiOBr p-n heterojunctions,and the Ti-O-Si and Bi-O-Si bonds between A-TiO2-BiOBr and Bt in Ti1Bi1Bt2 lowered its electron-holerecombination rate with enhanced visible light-harvesting ability. Within 70 min of visible light irradiation,150 mg of Ti1Bi1Bt2 gave 100% conversion of 100 mL of 20 ppm phenol with a pseudo-first-order rateconstant of 0.0322 min1 at pH 4.0. Scavenging experiments showed superoxide radicals (O2) and electrons(e) being the most dominant reactive oxidation species (ROS) responsible for the phenol photodegradationprocess while holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) also exerted appreciableparticipation.

On the edge -to -vertex detour number of a graph

A.P. Santhakumaran 장전수학회 2014 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.24 No.3

For two vertices u and v in a graph G=(V,E), The detour distance D(u,v) s the length of a longest, u-v path in G. A u-v path of length D(u,v) is called a u-v detour. For subsets A and B of V, the detour distance D(A,B) is defined as D(A,B)=(formula). A u-v path of length D(A,B) is called an A-B detour joining the sets A, B⊆V where u∈B. A vertex x is said to lie on an A-B detour is a vertex of A-B detour. A set S⊆E is called an detour joining a pair of edges of S. The edge-to-vertex detour number dn2(G) OF G is the minimum order of its edge-to-vertex detour sets and any edge-to-vertex detour set of order dn2(G) is an edge-to-vertex detour basis of G. Graphs G of size q for which dn2(G) = q or dn2(G) = q-1 or dn2(G) = q-2 are characterized.

Van der Waerden's continuity theorem for the commutator subgroups of connected Lie groups and Mishchenko's conjecture

A. I. Shtern 장전수학회 2006 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.13 No.2

As was proved by van der Waerden in 1933, every finite-dimensional locally bounded representation of a semisimple compact Lie group is continuous. In this paper, with the help of an earlier result of the author claiming that the van der Waerden theorem holds for any connected semisimple Lie group, it is proved that every locally bounded finite-dimensional representation of a connected Lie group is continuous on the commutator subgroup of the group; moreover, it turns out that a connected Lie group satis¯es the assertion of the van der Waerden theorem (i.e., all locally bounded finite-dimensional representations of the group are continuous) if and only if the group is perfect (i.e., coincides with the commutator subgroup). Thus, for perfect connected linear Lie groups, the structure of (totally) bounded sets de¯nes the topology, and any boundedness-preserving group isomorphism of a perfect connected linear Lie group onto another perfect connected linear Lie group is automatically continuous. To study this phenomenon, the notion of discontinuity group of a locally bounded finite-dimensional representation of a topological group is introduced and studied. The notion of local boundedness of a representation is naturally related to the notion of point oscillation (at the identity element of the group) introduced by the author in 2002. According to a conjecture expressed by A. S. Mishchenko, the finite-dimensional representations of Lie groups can take only three possible values for the (reasonably defined) point oscillation, namely, 0, 2, and 1. We prove the validity of the conjecture. As a corollary, we prove that the class of connected Lie groups for which the point oscillation of a finite-dimensional representation can take only two values, 0 and 1, is the very class of perfect connected Lie groups. Related open problems are indicated.

화이트헤드의 유기체 철학과 쿼크

임진아 ( Jin A Yim ) 한국화이트헤드학회 2013 화이트헤드 연구 Vol.26 No.-

궁극적 물질은 무엇이며, 그 물질의 성질에 대해 연구하는 분야는 물리학 중에서도 소립자물리학의 연구영역이다. 소립자물리학이 궁극적 요소에 대한 사유에는 궁극적 요소는 물질이며, 파동이 아닌 입자적 특성을 가진 그 무엇이 아니겠는가 하는 가정이 전제되어 있다. 20세기 초반, 플랑크의 에너지 양자가설로 인해 촉발된 물리학의 혁명은 물리학이 연구하는 대상인 물질 그 자체에 대한 관점의 전환을 요구했다. 파동과 입자는 양립할 수 없는 물질의 양태이다. 그러나 물질의 이중성으로 잘 알려져 있듯이 파동은 입자의 성질을, 입자는 파동의 성질을 가지고 있다는 것이 드러났다. 또한 극미의 세계에서는 매우 많은 숫자의 소립자가 발견되었으나, 현재 물리학자들은 양성자와 중성자와 같은 핵자를 만드는 근본적인 물질로 간주하는 쿼크 및 전자를 이 세계를 구성하는 가장 근원적인 입자들로 생각 한다.이 글은 두 가지의 목적을 가지고 있다. 첫 번째, 20세기에 양자역학에서 시작된 물질의 이중성으로부터 쿼크가 가진 성질을 통해 전통적인 물질관에 대해 비판하고자 한다. 두 번째, 현재까지도 명쾌한 해답이 제시되지 않고 있는 물질의 이중성 및 쿼크의 실체성에 대한 의문을 화이트헤드의 유기체철학의 관점으로 고찰해보고자 한다. The ultimate matter is what , and an field to study for the property of the material is study are of the particle physics. The ultimate element is matter in the reason for the ultimate element particle physics, And it is to a prerequisite a home doing whether it is the what with the property of the particle that is not wave motion. The prompted physical revolution required the change over of the point of view for material itself which was the object which physics studied(grand prix) by Energy Quantum hypothesis of initial, Planck in the 20th century. Wave motion and a particle are appearance of the materials which they cannot balance. However, it appeared in the wave motion that the particle had a nature of the wave motion with the nature of the particle to be known for the duality of the material well. In addition, the elementary particle of a great many numbers was discovered in the particle physical world, but current physicists think about quark to consider to be a basic material making the nuclear particle which seems to be a neutron with a positive child and an electron with root-like particles to frame this world. This essay consider as two kinds of purposes. It thinks first to think to criticize it for outlook on traditional material through the nature that quark has from the duality of the material which began in quantum mechanics in the 20th century. It thinks to consider a shrug for the second, duality of the material that the answer that is clear to date is not shown and substantiality of the quark at a point of view of the organized body philosophy of A. N. Whitehead.

Couette-Taylor crystallizer: Effective control of crystal size distribution and recovery of l-lysine in cooling crystallization

Nguyen, A.T.,Yu, T.,Kim, W.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Journal of crystal growth Vol.469 No.-

A Couette-Taylor crystallizer is developed to enhance the l-Lysine crystal size distribution and recovery in the case of continuous cooling crystallization. When using the proposed Couette-Taylor (CT) crystallizer, the size distribution and crystal product recovery were much narrower and higher, respectively, than those from a conventional stirred tank (ST) crystallizer. Here, the coefficient of the size distribution for the crystal product from the CT crystallizer was only 0.45, while it was 0.78 in the case of the conventional ST crystallizer at an agitation speed of 700rpm, mean residence time of 20min, and feed concentration of 900(g/L). Furthermore, when using the CT crystallizer, the crystal product recovery was remarkably enhanced up to 100%wt with a mean residence time of only 20min, while it required a mean residence time of at least 60min when using the conventional ST crystallizer. This result indicates that the CT crystallizer was much more effective than the conventional ST crystallizer in terms of controlling a narrower size distribution and achieving a 100%wt l-lysine crystal product recovery from continuous cooling crystallization. The advantage of the CT crystallizer over the conventional ST crystallizer was explained based on the higher energy dissipation of the Taylor vortex flow and larger surface area for heat transfer of the CT crystallizer. Here, the energy dissipation of the Taylor vortex flow in the CT crystallizer was 13.6 times higher than that of the random fluid motion in the conventional ST crystallizer, while the surface area per unit volume for heat transfer of the CT crystallizer was 8.0 times higher than that of the conventional ST crystallizer. As a result, the mixing condition and heat transfer of the CT crystallizer were much more effective than those of the conventional ST crystallizer for the cooling crystallization of l-lysine, thereby enhancing the l-lysine crystal size distribution and product recovery.