http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),최남근 ( Nam Geun Choi ),류지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ),이지호 ( Ji Ho Lee ),이영구 ( Young Gu Lee ),조경규 ( Kyoung Kyu Jo ),이철호 ( Cheol Ho Lee ),홍수명 ( Su Myeong Hong ),임건재 ( Geon Jae Im ),홍무기 ( Moo K 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.3
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the agricultural product (Pulses, Lettuces, Pumpkins, Apples, Pears and Tangerines) in Korea, monitoring of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminations of agricultural products in cultivated areas and abandoned mine areas were investigated, and risk assessment was performed through dietary intake of agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: The average contents of Cd and Pb ranged from 0.001 to 0.018 mg/kg and from 0.007 to 0.032 mg/kg respectively. The result was showed that contents of Cd and Pb did not exceed maximum residual levels established by CODEX except pumpkins and apples. The average daily intake were in the range of 1.06 × 10-3 to 4.76 × 10-2 μg/kg b.w./day at the mean and 95th percentile for Cd, 4.53 × 10-3 to 8.35 × 10-2 μg/kg b.w./day at the mean and 95th percentile for Pb for general population, based on the Korean public nutrition report 2008. The Hazard Index (HI) from the ratio analysis between daily exposure and safety level values was smaller than 1.0. CONCLUSION(s): This results demonstrated that human exposure to Cd and Pb through dietary intake of agricultural produces from abandoned mine areas might not cause adverse effect exceeding to those from non-contaminated areas.
이우경 ( Woo Kyung Lee ),김용범 ( Yong Bum Kim ),최승호 ( Seung Ho Choi ),채영근 ( Young Keun Chae ),홍남근 ( Nam Geun Hong ),김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.50 No.4
Background: Opioids are known to increase the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Remifentanil is an ultrashort-acting opioid with a potent analgesic effect and is useful for rapid emergence. This study compared the effect of remifentanil on the incidence and severity of PONV and postoperative pain with that of fentanyl in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, which is normally associated with a high incidence of PONV. Methods: Forty-four adult female patients, who were scheduled for laparoscopic ovarian cyst enucleation, were randomly assigned to either the remifentanil or fentanyl group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol after injecting fentanyl 2μg/kg or remifentnail 1μg/kg and was maintained with sevoflurane. Remifentanil and fentanyl was infused continuously in the range of 0.2-0.5μg/kg/min and 0.03-0.05μg/kg/min, respectively. Ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg was injected 30 min before the end of surgery. The incidence and severity of PONV and pain were recorded upon arrival at the recovery room and 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours thereafter. Results: The incidence and severity of PONV and pain were significantly higher in the remifentanil group upon arrival at the recovery room than in the fentanyl group. The incidence and severity of PONV and pain at the other measurement times were similar. Conclusions: Despite the ultrashort action duration of the remifentanil, the incidence and severity of PONV and postoperative pain immediately after awakening was higher in the remifentanil group undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cyst enucleation than in the fentanyl group. However, there were no significant differences after two hours in the recovery phase. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 50: 390~5)