인공광 스마트온실에서 광질 및 광강도 제어가 케일 실생묘의 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱,이재수,이공인,김현환,Heo, Jeong-Wook,Lee, Jae-Su,Lee, Gong-In,Kim, Hyun-Hwan 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

인공광 스마트온실(식물공장) 조건에서 작물의 생장은 주로 외부 환경조건의 변화와 상관없이 형광등이나 특정 파장역의 발광다이오드와 같은 인공광원에 의해 좌우된다. 본 실험에서는 형광등 및 발광다이오드를 활용한 광질 및 광강도 제어가 케일 실생묘의 생장 및 물질합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 잎이 3~4매 전개한 케일 실생묘는 광강도를 50 및 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$로 제어한 형광등 (FLL 및 FLH구), 적색 LEDs (RL 및 RH 구), 청색+백색 LEDs (BWL 및 BWH구) 및 청색+적색 LEDs (BRL 및 BRH구) 등 단일 및 혼합광질로 제어하였으며 50일간 담액방식으로 수경재배하였다. 케일 지상부 생체중은 광강도 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$의 적색, 청색+ 백색 및 청색+적색의 혼합광 조사구에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 신초신장은 광강도가 높은 처리구에서 억제되었고 잎내 폴리페놀 함량은 증가하였다. 당합성은 광강도 $50{\mu}mol/m^2/s$에 비해 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ 조건의 적색광질에 의해 2배이상 증가하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 인공광 스마트온실 조건에서 특정 파장역의 광질 및 광강도를 제어하면서 작물을 수경재배하는 것은 노지나 온실에서 토경재배하는 관행적 재배방식에 비해 작업효율성을 높이면서 잎의 생장 및 물질합성을 촉진할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 금후, 인공광 스마트온실에서 특정 파장역의 LEDs를 인공광원으로 할 때 작물생장을 최대로 유지할 수 있는 적정 광강도에 대한 연구를 수행할 계획이다. BACKGROUND: Plant growth under smart greenhouse (that is plant factory system) conditions of an artificial light type is significantly depending on the artificial light sources such as a fluorescent lamps or Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific spectral wavelengths regardless of the outside environmental changes. In this experiment, characteristics on the growth and compound synthesis of kale seedlings affected by light qualities and intensities provided by LEDs were mentioned. METHODS AND RESULTS: The kale seedlings which developed 3~4 true leaves were exposed by fluorescent lamps or LEDs lights of red (R), blue+white (BW), blue+red (BR) with 50 (L) or $100(H){\mu}mol/m^2/s^1$ photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) under hydroponic culture system of deep flow technique for 50 days. Shoot fresh weight increased under the RH, BWH, and BRH treatments with higher PPF. Shoot elongation of the seedlings decreased, and polyphenol synthesis promoted by the higher light intensity conditions. Sugar synthesis in the leaves was above 2 times greater under the RH treatment of monochromic red light quality with $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s^1\;PPF$ than $50{\mu}mol/m^2/s^1\;PPF$. CONCLUSION: The results show that the control of light quality and intensity in the smart greenhouse conditions with artificial lights significantly affects the growth and compound synthesis in the fresh kale leaves with higher culture efficiency compared to the conventional soil culture under greenhouse or field conditions. Researches on the optimum light intensities of the LEDs with special spectral wavelengths are necessary for maximum growth and metabolism in the seedlings.

조선시대 김생(金生) 서예의 계승

허정욱(Heo Jung-Ouk) 역사문화연구소 2010 역사문화논총 Vol.- No.6

온실재배 케일의 생장에 미치는 보광 효과

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김현환 ( Hyeon Hwan Kim ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),윤정범 ( Jung Boem Yoon ),이정관 ( Joung Kwan Lee ),허윤선 ( Yoon Sun Huh ),이기열 ( Ki Yeol Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회지 Vol.34 No.1

BACKGROUND: For commercial production of greenhouse crops under shorter day length condition, supplementary radiation has been usually achieved by the artificial light source with higher electric consumption such as high-pressure sodium, metal halide, or incandescent lamps. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with several characteristics, however, have been considered as a novel light source for plant production. Effects of supplementary lighting provided by the artificial light sources on growth of Kale seedlings during shorter day length were discussed in this experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months, and leaf growth was observed at intervals of about 30 days after light exposure for 6 hours per day at sunrise and sunset. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of supplementary red LEDs on the plant canopy was maintained at 0.1 (RL), 0.6 (RM), and 1.2 (RH) μmol/m2/s PPF. PPF in 3 W and Na treatments was measured at 12 μ mol/m2/s. Natural light (NL) was considered as a control. Leaf fresh weight of the seedlings was more than 100% increased under the 3 W, Na and RH treatment compared to natural light considering as a conventional condition. Sugar synthesis in Kale leaves was significantly promoted by the RM or RH treatment. Leaf yield per 3.3 m2 exposed by red LEDs of 1.2 μmol/m2/s PPF was 9% and 16% greater than in 3W or Na with a higher PPF, respectively. CONCLUSION: Growth of the leafy Kale seedlings were significantly affected by the supplementary radiation provided by three wave lamp, sodium lamp, and red LEDs with different light intensities during the shorter day length under greenhouse conditions. From this study, it was suggested that the leaf growth and secondary metabolism of Kale seedlings can be controlled by supplementary radiation using red LEDs of 1.2 μmol/m2/s PPF as well as three wave or sodium lamps in the experiment.

04 포스터 발표 : 자연생태 환경 분야(PN) ; PN-01 : 식물공장 시스템내 광강도 및 배양액 농도 제어가 뿌리부추 및 고려엉겅퀴 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김현환 ( Hyun Hwan Kim ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),신현만 ( Hyun Man Shin ),이공인 ( Goin In Lee ),최규홍 ( Kyu Hong Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

Culture-technic researches for year round production of agricultural plants inside plant factory system, which controlled the environmental factors of air temperature, relative humidity, nutrient, CO2 concentration, light intensity or quality, have been vigorously proceeded. In this study, control effects of light intensity and nutrient-solution concentration were investigated on growth of perennial chive (Allium hookeri) seedstock and Korean thistle (Cirsium setidens) seedlings inside plant factory system. Yamazaki solution was irrigated by deep flow technique (DFT) system during the culture period. Air temperature and relative humidity inside the system were maintained at 22℃ and 50%, respectively. Korean thistle seedlings which developed two true leaves were cultured under 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 dS m-1 EC (Electrical conductivity), 5.8 pH, and 150 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF for 8 weeks. Fluorescent lamps with 50, 100 or 150 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were used for hydroponic culture (EC 1.5 dS m-1, pH 5.8) of chive seedstocks for 7 weeks. Fresh weight and shoot length emerged from chive seedstocks grown under 150 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF were 76 and 24% increased compared to 50 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF, respectively. Number of shoots in chive was also greater in 150 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF, and significantly reduced under 100 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF. When EC was maintained at 1.5 or 2.0 dS m-1 for 56 days, increasing in leaf fresh and dry weight of Korean thistle were remarkable. Fresh and dry weights were 5.8 and 3.5 times greater in 1.5 or 2.0 dS m-1 EC than in 2.5 dS m-1 EC treatment, respectively. Number of unfolded leaves increased to 96% under 1.5 or 2.0 dS m-1 EC. The chive seedstock and Korean thistle were successfully cultured under the DFT system using fluorescent lamps. From the above results, it is suggested that shoot growth such as a fresh weight, dry weight, or shoot elongation could be significantly stimulated by the light intensity and EC tested in this experiment. The above results show production possibility of perennial plants besides leaf vegetables, and studies on change in nutrient elements inside the plants cultured under the system are necessary.

인공광 식물공장내 광질 제어가 방풍나물 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김동억 ( Dong Eok Kim ),한길수 ( Kil Su Han ),김숙종 ( Sook Jong Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.3

BACKGROUND: Plant factory system of an artificial light type using Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), fluorescent light, or metal halide lamp instead of sun light is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides regardless of seasonal changes. The plant factory is also completely isolated from outside environmental conditions such as a light, temperature, or humidity compared to conventional greenhouse. Light-environment control such as a quality or quantity in the plant factory system is essential for improving the growth and development of plant species. However, there was little report that the effects of various light qualities provided by LEDs on Ledebouriella seseloides growth under the plant factory system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings transplanted at urethane sponge were grown in the plant factory system of a horizontal type with LED artificial lights for 90 days. Yamazaki solution for hydroponic culture of the seedlings was regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the solution was recorded at 1.4 ds/m and 5.8 in average, respectively during the experimental period. Number of unfolded leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were three times measured in every 30 days after beginning of the experiment. Blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights inside the plant factory were used as light sources. Conventional fluorescent lamps were considered as a control. In all the treatment, light intensity was maintained at 100 μmol/㎡/s on the culture bed. Fresh weight of the seedlings was 3.7 times greater in the treatment with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light and blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment FLBR13) than in fluorescent light treatment (Treatment FL). In FLBR13 treatment, dry weight per seedling was two times greater than in FL or BR11 treatment of blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment BR11) during the culture period. Increasing in number of unfolded leaves was also significantly affected by the FLBR13 treatment comparing with BR11 treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Hydroponic culture of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings was successfully achieved in the plant factory system with mixture lights of blue, red LEDs and fluorescent lights. Shoot growth of the seedlings was significantly promoted by the FLBR13 with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light, blue, and red LEDs under 1:3 mixture ratio of blue and red LEDs during the experimental period compared to conventional light conditions.

광질이 아게라텀, 아프리칸매리골드 및 살비아 실생묘의 생장, 순광합성속도 및 에틸렌 생산에 미치는 영향

허정욱(Jeong Wook Heo),이용범(Yong Beom Lee),이덕배(Deog Bae Lee),전창후(Changhoo Chun) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.2

The effect of white fluorescent, blue, red, and blue plus red mixture light at a 90 ± 10 μ㏖ m?² s?¹ light intensity on growth, net photosynthetic rate (NPR), and ethylene production in Ageratum houstonianum ‘Blue Field’, Tagetes erecta ‘Orange Boy’, and Salvia splendens ‘Red Vista’ plug seedlings was investigated for 14 days. Higher leaf area and NPR of ageratum seedlings were achieved by mixture radiation of blue and red as compared to monochromic blue or red, whereas ethylene production was not affected by different light qualities. Ageratum and salvia seedlings under blue or red light showed the greatest plant height. Photosynthesis of marigold and salvia seedlings was stimulated by all light qualities except for monochromic blue light. Red or mixture light quality was the most effective in the promotion of ethylene production of marigold and salvia, and inhibitory response was shown under blue light. It was found that growth, photosynthesis, and ethylene production in ageratum, marigold, and salvia plug seedlings depended upon different light qualities for the experimental period.

삼채(Allium hookeri) 잎 연중생산을 위한 식물공장 환경제어 효과

허정욱 ( Jeong-wook Heo ),백정현 ( Jeong-hyun Baek ),이성현 ( Sung-hyen Lee ),김민정 ( Min-jeong Kim ),심창기 ( Chang-kee Shim ) 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.4

The demand for the fresh leaf of hooker chive, which is mainly used as functional roots and contains dietary sulfur or saponin, is increasing, but the leaves are only harvested 3-4 times per year under conventional field conditions. A plant factory system with different light qualities or intensities was applied for year-round production of the fresh leaves. Hooker chive (Allium hookeri) roots were hydroponically cultured under the plant factory with a mixture of blue plus red LEDs (Light- Emitting Diodes) and fluorescent lights for 50 weeks. Maximum leaf growth was attained with the 1.5 dS/m EC in the culture medium under the plant factory. The average leaf and shoot numbers of hooker chive grown hydroponically under a mixture of 200 μmol/m²/s LEDs increased by 147% and 140%, respectively compared to those under 100 μmol/m²/s LEDs at the 10th harvest. The leaf length of hooker chive grown under the LEDs treatment with the lowest light intensity significantly increased by 27% compared with the natural light treatment at the 10th harvest. However, there was no significant difference in leaf pigmentation between natural and 200 μmol/m²/s LEDs treatments. Plant factory with the mixture LEDs of blue and red lights can be applied for year-round production of hooker chive fresh leaves to ensure a stable supply of leafy vegetable throughout the year.

수경배양액 무기성분농도 측정장치 개발

허정욱 ( Jeong-wook Heo ),박경훈 ( Kyeong-hun Park ),홍승길 ( Seung-gil Hong ),이재수 ( Jae-su Lee ),백정현 ( Jeong-hyun Baek ),박종택 ( Jong-taek Park ),이승기 ( Seung-kee Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.4

BACKGROUND: Measurement equipment was developed for inorganic nutrient concentration inside the hydroponic culture medium with several macro- and micro compositions, and applied for measuring the compositions of conventional medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Before the equipment development, sonicator and heater were utilized to control temperature around of the module mixing with color reagents and target samples among the inorganic compositions. The measurement module and multi-sampler were also manufactured based on the COMS (Complementary Metal- Oxide Semiconductor) and installed inside the measurement equipment. Concentration of standard solution, value measured by the equipment, standard deviation or measured average value were used for estimating the accuracy and average recall of the equipment. Yamazaki solutions with EC of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 dS/m were offered to confirm the equipment accuracy and standard error. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the developed equipment could be automatically applied for measurement with accuracy of over 96% and standard errors of less than 5% on 12 macro- and micro compositions such as a NO₃-N, PO₄ ^3- or Fe.

인공광 식물공장내 광질 제어가 작물생육에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong-wook Heo ),백정현 ( Jeong-hyun Baek ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회지 Vol.40 No.4

BACKGROUND: Horticultural plant growth under field and/or greenhouse conditions is affected by the climate changes (e.g., temperature, humidity, and rainfall). Therefore investigation of hydroponics on field horticultural crops is necessary for year-round production of the plants regardless of external environment changes under plant factory system with artificial light sources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Common sage (Salvia plebeia), nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), and hooker chive (Allium hookeri) plants were hydroponically culturing in the plant factory with blue-red-white LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) and fluorescent lights (FLs). Leaf numbers of common sage under mixture LED and FL treatments were 134% and 98% greater, respectively than those in the greenhouse condition. In hooker chives, unfolded leaf numbers were 35% greater under the artificial lights and leaf elongation was inhibited by the conventional sunlight compared to the artificial light treatments. Absorption pattern of NO₃-N composition in hydroponic solution was not affected by the different light qualities. CONCLUSION(S): Plant factory system with different light qualities could be applied for fresh-leaf production of common sage, nasturtium, and hooker chive plants culturing under field and/or greenhouse. Controlled light qualities in the system resulted in significantly higher hydroponic growth of the plants comparing to conventional greenhouse condition in present.

식물공장 시스템내 광환경 제어가 청경채 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김동억 ( Dong Eok Kim ),이공인 ( Gong In Lee ),윤정범 ( Jung Beom Yoon ),최규홍 ( Kyung Hong Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Closed-type plant factory system using artificial light sources instead of sunlight is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides comparing to conventional greenhouse structure. Control of the light environment such as a light quality or intensity in the plant factory system using artificial lights is an essential technique for improving the growth and development of plant species. It has been reported that the light environment significantly influences on growth in many kinds of leafy plants cultured under the plant factory system. In this experiment, effects of light quality and intensity under hydroponic culture system were mentioned on growth of green and red Pak Choi (Braccica rapa var. chinensis) seedlings. The Pak Choi seedlings which developed 2∼3 unfolded leaves were cultured in Yamazaki nutrient solution controlled at 1.4 ds m-1 EC and 5.6 pH, respectively on the plant factory of horizontal type. The seedlings were exposed by monochromic or mixture light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of blue+white (BW treatment), red (R treatment), or blue+red+white (BRW treatment) with 50, 100, or 250 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity for 5 weeks. Increment of fresh and dry weights in the green and red Pak Choi was significantly affected by blue+red+white or red light qualities. However pigmentation was inhibited by the monochromic red light in both of the green and red Pak Choi seedlings. In BRW treatment, fresh weights per seedling of green and red Pak Choi grown under 250 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity were 5.5 and 8.4 times promoted, respectively compared with fluorescent light considered as a control. Pigmentation in the Pak Choi seedlings increased under BRW treatment with higher light intensity than in lower treatment. From the results, it is suggested that the mixture radiation with higher light intensity gave the maximum growth of Pak choi seedlings with higher quality comparing with monochromic light. Optimum light intensity for leafy plant growth inside the plant factory system using artificial light sources should be decided for commercial production with a lower electric cost.