인공광 스마트온실에서 광질 및 광강도 제어가 케일 실생묘의 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱,이재수,이공인,김현환,Heo, Jeong-Wook,Lee, Jae-Su,Lee, Gong-In,Kim, Hyun-Hwan 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

인공광 스마트온실(식물공장) 조건에서 작물의 생장은 주로 외부 환경조건의 변화와 상관없이 형광등이나 특정 파장역의 발광다이오드와 같은 인공광원에 의해 좌우된다. 본 실험에서는 형광등 및 발광다이오드를 활용한 광질 및 광강도 제어가 케일 실생묘의 생장 및 물질합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 잎이 3~4매 전개한 케일 실생묘는 광강도를 50 및 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$로 제어한 형광등 (FLL 및 FLH구), 적색 LEDs (RL 및 RH 구), 청색+백색 LEDs (BWL 및 BWH구) 및 청색+적색 LEDs (BRL 및 BRH구) 등 단일 및 혼합광질로 제어하였으며 50일간 담액방식으로 수경재배하였다. 케일 지상부 생체중은 광강도 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$의 적색, 청색+ 백색 및 청색+적색의 혼합광 조사구에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 신초신장은 광강도가 높은 처리구에서 억제되었고 잎내 폴리페놀 함량은 증가하였다. 당합성은 광강도 $50{\mu}mol/m^2/s$에 비해 $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ 조건의 적색광질에 의해 2배이상 증가하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 인공광 스마트온실 조건에서 특정 파장역의 광질 및 광강도를 제어하면서 작물을 수경재배하는 것은 노지나 온실에서 토경재배하는 관행적 재배방식에 비해 작업효율성을 높이면서 잎의 생장 및 물질합성을 촉진할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 금후, 인공광 스마트온실에서 특정 파장역의 LEDs를 인공광원으로 할 때 작물생장을 최대로 유지할 수 있는 적정 광강도에 대한 연구를 수행할 계획이다. BACKGROUND: Plant growth under smart greenhouse (that is plant factory system) conditions of an artificial light type is significantly depending on the artificial light sources such as a fluorescent lamps or Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific spectral wavelengths regardless of the outside environmental changes. In this experiment, characteristics on the growth and compound synthesis of kale seedlings affected by light qualities and intensities provided by LEDs were mentioned. METHODS AND RESULTS: The kale seedlings which developed 3~4 true leaves were exposed by fluorescent lamps or LEDs lights of red (R), blue+white (BW), blue+red (BR) with 50 (L) or $100(H){\mu}mol/m^2/s^1$ photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) under hydroponic culture system of deep flow technique for 50 days. Shoot fresh weight increased under the RH, BWH, and BRH treatments with higher PPF. Shoot elongation of the seedlings decreased, and polyphenol synthesis promoted by the higher light intensity conditions. Sugar synthesis in the leaves was above 2 times greater under the RH treatment of monochromic red light quality with $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s^1\;PPF$ than $50{\mu}mol/m^2/s^1\;PPF$. CONCLUSION: The results show that the control of light quality and intensity in the smart greenhouse conditions with artificial lights significantly affects the growth and compound synthesis in the fresh kale leaves with higher culture efficiency compared to the conventional soil culture under greenhouse or field conditions. Researches on the optimum light intensities of the LEDs with special spectral wavelengths are necessary for maximum growth and metabolism in the seedlings.

Continuous or Intermittent Radiation Using Light-Emitting Diodes Influence on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Sweetpotato Plantlets Cultured in Vitro

Jeong Wook Heo(허정욱),Bon Kook Koo(구본국),Kee Yoeup Paek(백기엽) 한국원예학회 2002 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2002 No.3

Light Quality Influence on Growth and Sugar Metabolism of Grape Rootstock 5BB Cultured in Vitro

Jeong Wook Heo(허정욱),Han Jin Park(박한진),Kong Sik Shin(신공식),Kee Yoeup Paek(백기엽) 한국원예학회 2002 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2002 No.3

인공광 스마트온실 조건에서 수경재배용 배양액 성분변화 모니터링

허정욱 ( Jeong-wook Heo ),백정현 ( Jeong-hyun Baek ),박경훈 ( Kyeong-hun Park ),이재수 ( Jae-su Lee ),홍승길 ( Seung-gil Hong ),이공인 ( Gong-in Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

시설재배지에서는 대량의 농업부산물(폐과, 잎줄기 등)이 발생하는데, 농가에서는 이들 부산물을 방치하거나 자연부패, 소각 등의 방법으로 폐기하고 있으나, 폐기 비용부담, 환경오염 등으로 인하여 퇴비화 및 액비화 등 부산물 활용 관련 연구 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 자연광 또는 인공광 스마트온실(식물공장)에서는 작물을 재배하기 위하여 다양한 종류의 무기성분이 포함된 배양액을 공급하는데, 부산물로 액비를 제조하여 수경배양액으로 활용할 경우 무기 배양액 사용량을 저감하고 일부 성분을 유기액비로 대체하여 환경오염 및 처리비용 저감 등 부산물의 경제적 가치를 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공광 스마트온실 조건에서 작물을 유기적으로 수경재배할 경우 유·무기 배양액의 효율적 관리시스템 개발을 위한 기초자료를 수집하고자 작물 생육단계별 배양액 성분변화 패턴을 모니터링하였다. 시험작물은 본엽이 2~3매 전개한 적치마와 청치마 상추(Lactuca sativa L.) 실생묘로 하였으며, 상추는 광강도 150 μmol m^-2s^-1인 형광등(FL) 및 청+적+백색(BRW, 1:2:1 혼합) 혼합 LED 조건에서 5주간 담액방식으로 수경재배하였다. 재배실내 온도 및 습도는 각각 20℃, 60%로 조절하였다. 시판 또는 부산물 유래 제조액비는 Acadian (A구), 케일 부산물 액비(K구) 및 시설토마토 과실 액비(TJ구)로 하였으며, 관행의 무기배양액으로는 Yamazaki 잎상추액(Y구)을 공시하였다. 또한 관행의 Y액에 상기 액비 3종을 1:1 비율로 혼합하여 혼용처리(YA구, YK구 및 YTJ구) 하는 등 총 7개의 실험구를 설정하였다. 또한 재배기간 동안 모든 배양액의 EC는 조정하지 않았으며 pH는 5.8로 조정하였으며, 발색법에 의한 흡광광도법으로 공시 배양액내 NH₃, NO₃, NO₂, PO₄ 및 Cu 등 총 9종의 성분을 1주 간격으로 5회 측정하였다. 재배개시 5주차 적치마상추의 전개엽수는 공시 유무기 액비 단용처리에 비해 혼용처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였고 Y구에 비해 Y액과 유기액비를 혼용처리하는 것이 엽수증가에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. YTJ구에서는 형광등 대비 혼합 LED 처리시 약 35% 증가하였으나 A구에서는 형광등 처리시 약 48% 증가하였고 기타 액비별 전개엽수 증가에는 광질의 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 청치마에서는 K구 및 YK구에서 광질에 의한 엽수증가에 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 혼합 LED 처리구에서 형광등 처리구 대비 각각 63% 및 97% 증가하여 기타 시용구에 비해 광질의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 적치마 재배종료시 배양액내 NH₃, NO₃ 및 NO₂ 성분은 Y구에서 가장 높았으며, 형광등 조사구에 비해 혼합 LED 조사구에서 흡수량이 높았으며, 유기액비 단용처리에 비해 무기배양액과 혼용하는 경우 NO₃ 흡수가 억제되었다. 광질의 차이와 상관없이 NH₃, 와 NO₂ 성분은 미량 또는 대부분 흡수되었으나, YK구에서는 NH₃ 초기량이 15 mg/L이였으나 2주차~4주차까지 흡수량이 증가하다 5주차에 5 mg/L로 측정되었는데 NO₃ 및 Si 역시 Fe, Mn 등 기타 성분에 비해 재배종료시에 오히려 흡수량이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 성분의 흡수패턴은 청치마에서도 적치마와 유사한 경향을 나타내었으나 형광등 조사구에서는 배양액내 대부분의 NH₃가 흡수되었는데, 작물의 종류나 광질의 차이에 의한 영향인지 케일 부산물 유래 제조액비내 유용 미생물 등의 활성차이에 의한 영향인지에 대한 상세한 원인 구명이 필요하다. 상기 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로, 농업부산물 유래 유기액비 및 무기배양액을 시용하여 작물을 재배하는 동안 생육단계별로 결핍되는 N, P 및 K를 중심으로 하는 배양액 성분 농도를 자동으로 측정하는 프로그램을 설계하고 배양액 종류별 작물생장, 성분 변화 등 수집 데이터 분석용 클라우드 기반 데이터베이스를 구축, 이를 바탕으로 하는 선택적 배양액 관리시스템을 구축하고 있다.

온실재배 케일의 생장에 미치는 보광 효과

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김현환 ( Hyeon Hwan Kim ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),윤정범 ( Jung Boem Yoon ),이정관 ( Joung Kwan Lee ),허윤선 ( Yoon Sun Huh ),이기열 ( Ki Yeol Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회지 Vol.34 No.1

BACKGROUND: For commercial production of greenhouse crops under shorter day length condition, supplementary radiation has been usually achieved by the artificial light source with higher electric consumption such as high-pressure sodium, metal halide, or incandescent lamps. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with several characteristics, however, have been considered as a novel light source for plant production. Effects of supplementary lighting provided by the artificial light sources on growth of Kale seedlings during shorter day length were discussed in this experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months, and leaf growth was observed at intervals of about 30 days after light exposure for 6 hours per day at sunrise and sunset. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of supplementary red LEDs on the plant canopy was maintained at 0.1 (RL), 0.6 (RM), and 1.2 (RH) μmol/m2/s PPF. PPF in 3 W and Na treatments was measured at 12 μ mol/m2/s. Natural light (NL) was considered as a control. Leaf fresh weight of the seedlings was more than 100% increased under the 3 W, Na and RH treatment compared to natural light considering as a conventional condition. Sugar synthesis in Kale leaves was significantly promoted by the RM or RH treatment. Leaf yield per 3.3 m2 exposed by red LEDs of 1.2 μmol/m2/s PPF was 9% and 16% greater than in 3W or Na with a higher PPF, respectively. CONCLUSION: Growth of the leafy Kale seedlings were significantly affected by the supplementary radiation provided by three wave lamp, sodium lamp, and red LEDs with different light intensities during the shorter day length under greenhouse conditions. From this study, it was suggested that the leaf growth and secondary metabolism of Kale seedlings can be controlled by supplementary radiation using red LEDs of 1.2 μmol/m2/s PPF as well as three wave or sodium lamps in the experiment.

식물공장 시스템내 광환경 제어가 청경채 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김동억 ( Dong Eok Kim ),이공인 ( Gong In Lee ),윤정범 ( Jung Beom Yoon ),최규홍 ( Kyung Hong Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Closed-type plant factory system using artificial light sources instead of sunlight is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides comparing to conventional greenhouse structure. Control of the light environment such as a light quality or intensity in the plant factory system using artificial lights is an essential technique for improving the growth and development of plant species. It has been reported that the light environment significantly influences on growth in many kinds of leafy plants cultured under the plant factory system. In this experiment, effects of light quality and intensity under hydroponic culture system were mentioned on growth of green and red Pak Choi (Braccica rapa var. chinensis) seedlings. The Pak Choi seedlings which developed 2∼3 unfolded leaves were cultured in Yamazaki nutrient solution controlled at 1.4 ds m-1 EC and 5.6 pH, respectively on the plant factory of horizontal type. The seedlings were exposed by monochromic or mixture light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of blue+white (BW treatment), red (R treatment), or blue+red+white (BRW treatment) with 50, 100, or 250 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity for 5 weeks. Increment of fresh and dry weights in the green and red Pak Choi was significantly affected by blue+red+white or red light qualities. However pigmentation was inhibited by the monochromic red light in both of the green and red Pak Choi seedlings. In BRW treatment, fresh weights per seedling of green and red Pak Choi grown under 250 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity were 5.5 and 8.4 times promoted, respectively compared with fluorescent light considered as a control. Pigmentation in the Pak Choi seedlings increased under BRW treatment with higher light intensity than in lower treatment. From the results, it is suggested that the mixture radiation with higher light intensity gave the maximum growth of Pak choi seedlings with higher quality comparing with monochromic light. Optimum light intensity for leafy plant growth inside the plant factory system using artificial light sources should be decided for commercial production with a lower electric cost.

Effects of Supplementary LED Lighting on Growth and Biochemical Parameters in Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Camella’ and Ficus elastica ‘Melany’

Jeong Wook Heo(허정욱),Yong Beum Lee(이용범),Dong Eok Kim(김동억),Yu Seob Chang(장유섭),Changhoo Chun(전창후) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.1

본 실험에서는 발광 다이오드(LED)가 관엽 식물 온실 재배시 보광 광원으로서 적합한지를 검증하기 위하여 청색 및 적색 단일 광질 및 청색과 적색의 혼합 광질 보광이 디펜바키아 ‘카멜라’와 피커스 ‘멜라니’ 분화 식물의 생장 및 발육, 체내 당, 전분, 엽록체 및 카로티노이드 함량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 식물 반응은 단일 광질 및 혼합 광질 등 처리파장역과 조사 식물에 따라 달랐다. 두 조사 식물 모두에서 단일의 적색광과 청/적 혼합광 처리는 초장과 전개엽수를 증가시켰으며, 청/적 혼합광 처리는 피커스 식물체내 질소 흡수 및 이용을 증대시켰다. 단일의 적색 및 청+ 적 혼합광 처리는 디펜바키아의 카로티노이드 함량을 증가시켰으나 인도고무나무의 보광광질에 따른 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 인도고무나무의 건물중 및 체내 전분 함량 및 디펜바키아의 분지수는 청/적 혼합 광질 보광 처리구에서 증대되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 LED 광원은 관엽식물의 보광용 광원으로 적합하며 특히 청/적 혼합광질에 의한 보광처리는 식물체내 생장 및 성분변화 등에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않으면서 인도고무나무와 디펜바키아의 생육을 촉진시킬 수 있는 광질임을 알 수 있었다. To verify the possibility of LEDs as supplementary lighting sources for greenhouse production of foliage plants, growth and development, sugar content, starch content, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of potted Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Camella’ and Ficus elastica ‘Melany’ plants were investigated. The plant response varied by monochromatic or mixture of blue and red LEDs and by species. In both species, monochromatic red and supplementation with blue plus red LEDs increased plant height and number of unfolded leaves, while the blue plus red LED treatment promoted the uptake and utilization of nitrogen in Ficus plant. Supplementation with any LEDs did not cause any changes in contents of chlorophyll a and b and total carotenoids. Dry weight and starch content of Dieffenbachia and Ficus and the number of branches in Dieffenbachia increased by supplementation with mixture of blue and red LEDs without any negative effects compared with the control treatment. Results indicate that supplementation with mixture of blue and red LEDs, compared to other light treatments, is beneficial for promotion of growth and development without any negative effects on biochemical characteristics in Dieffenbachia and Ficus.

수경배양액 무기성분농도 측정장치 개발

허정욱 ( Jeong-wook Heo ),박경훈 ( Kyeong-hun Park ),홍승길 ( Seung-gil Hong ),이재수 ( Jae-su Lee ),백정현 ( Jeong-hyun Baek ),박종택 ( Jong-taek Park ),이승기 ( Seung-kee Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.4

BACKGROUND: Measurement equipment was developed for inorganic nutrient concentration inside the hydroponic culture medium with several macro- and micro compositions, and applied for measuring the compositions of conventional medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Before the equipment development, sonicator and heater were utilized to control temperature around of the module mixing with color reagents and target samples among the inorganic compositions. The measurement module and multi-sampler were also manufactured based on the COMS (Complementary Metal- Oxide Semiconductor) and installed inside the measurement equipment. Concentration of standard solution, value measured by the equipment, standard deviation or measured average value were used for estimating the accuracy and average recall of the equipment. Yamazaki solutions with EC of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 dS/m were offered to confirm the equipment accuracy and standard error. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the developed equipment could be automatically applied for measurement with accuracy of over 96% and standard errors of less than 5% on 12 macro- and micro compositions such as a NO₃-N, PO₄ ^3- or Fe.

우리나라 스마트 팜 연구 동향

허정욱(Jeong Wook Heo),김현환(Hyeon Hwan Kim),이공인(Gong In Lee) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.5

인공광 식물공장내 광질 제어가 방풍나물 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김동억 ( Dong Eok Kim ),한길수 ( Kil Su Han ),김숙종 ( Sook Jong Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.3

BACKGROUND: Plant factory system of an artificial light type using Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), fluorescent light, or metal halide lamp instead of sun light is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides regardless of seasonal changes. The plant factory is also completely isolated from outside environmental conditions such as a light, temperature, or humidity compared to conventional greenhouse. Light-environment control such as a quality or quantity in the plant factory system is essential for improving the growth and development of plant species. However, there was little report that the effects of various light qualities provided by LEDs on Ledebouriella seseloides growth under the plant factory system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings transplanted at urethane sponge were grown in the plant factory system of a horizontal type with LED artificial lights for 90 days. Yamazaki solution for hydroponic culture of the seedlings was regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the solution was recorded at 1.4 ds/m and 5.8 in average, respectively during the experimental period. Number of unfolded leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were three times measured in every 30 days after beginning of the experiment. Blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights inside the plant factory were used as light sources. Conventional fluorescent lamps were considered as a control. In all the treatment, light intensity was maintained at 100 μmol/㎡/s on the culture bed. Fresh weight of the seedlings was 3.7 times greater in the treatment with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light and blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment FLBR13) than in fluorescent light treatment (Treatment FL). In FLBR13 treatment, dry weight per seedling was two times greater than in FL or BR11 treatment of blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment BR11) during the culture period. Increasing in number of unfolded leaves was also significantly affected by the FLBR13 treatment comparing with BR11 treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Hydroponic culture of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings was successfully achieved in the plant factory system with mixture lights of blue, red LEDs and fluorescent lights. Shoot growth of the seedlings was significantly promoted by the FLBR13 with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light, blue, and red LEDs under 1:3 mixture ratio of blue and red LEDs during the experimental period compared to conventional light conditions.