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독도·울릉도 ‘가지’(강치)에 대한 인식의 변화와 그 의미
한철호(Han Cheol-ho) 고려사학회 2012 한국사학보 Vol.- No.49
Gaji(可之), which is sea lion, was one of the specialties in Ulleungdo(Ulleung Island) and Dokdo and is now widely called ‘Gangchi’. Japan illegally occupied Dokdo in order to secure the exclusive fishing righls there. Thus the stludy about Gaji provides important clues for refuting Japan’s claim on Dokdo and also helps to prove thal Dokdo is Korean territory. This paper analyzes the change of views on ‘Gaji’ in Ulleungdo and Dokdo from lhe early Chosun Dynasty to 1905, when Japan seized Dokdo, and the implication of lhe change. The first official record of Gaji in the early Chosun Dynasty shows that Kim In-woo dedicated its leather in 1416. With the increasing interests on Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Inspectors were dispatched regularly to the islands. Inspector Jang Han-sang, who recognized the existence of Dokdo and witnessed Gaji, dedicated its leather when his returned. Thereafter it was regularized that the Inspectors who visited Ulleungdo dedicate Gaji leather as tribute. Gaji was recognized as a symbol of Ulleungdo’s typical souvenirs and this customary practice lasted until December 1894. when Government Patrol and Inspection System (sutoje) was abolished. Ulleungdo Inspector Yi Gyu-won left valuable records of Gaji in 1882 with mentions on its habitat, capture, use, and the fishing activities of the captors. With the accumulation of information about Gaji by Inspectlors. it was mentioned in several writings including Yi Ik’s Seonghosaseol, Sin Gyeong-jun’s Ganggyego and Dongguk-munheonbigo. Yeojigo, and Yi Gyu-gyeong’s Ojuyeonmunjangjeon-sango. Especially it attracts our attention thal Yi Gyu-gyeong recordro the sea lion as ‘Gaji’ referring to the writings of Sin Gyeong-jun. He also comparro and analyzed the origins of the names and the characleristics of sea lion, sea horse and other sea creatures in order to identify Gaji clearly. Thus, the current word Dokdo ‘Gangchi’ should be replaced with ‘Gaji’ or ‘Gaje’, a dialect in Ulleungdo. In this context, it is very significanl lhat Sin Gyeong-jun reconfirmed Woosan and Ulleungdo as wwo different islands belonging to Chosun in Ganggyego and Dongguk-munheonbigo. With regular dispatch of Inspectors, Woosan(Dokdo) was recognized as our territory and it was important to have precise knowledge on the geography, topography, and local products of Ulleungdo and Dokdo like Gaji. After lhe opening of ports, both the government and media shared the information that Gaji was a local product of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Especially Hwangseong-sinmun made strong claims on Dokdo’s dominium as Korean territory, indicating Yu Deuk-gong’s poem which suggested Gaji and Imperial Edict No. 41 as the supporting evidence for il even after the Japanese seizure of the island. These records show that Gaji was widely recognized as the symbol of the evidence for Dokdo’s dominium as Korean territory.
갑오개혁기(1894~1896) 駐日 朝鮮公使의 파견과 외교활동
韓哲昊(Han, Cheol-ho) 백산학회 2004 白山學報 Vol.- No.70
Korean Minister to Japan had the more huge than ever tasks in the time of the Kabo Reform Movement. At that time, there happened the Sino-Japanese War, the uprisings of the Tonghak Peasant Army, the Russian-led Triple Intervention, and the assassination of Queen Min. With this in mind, this article is devoted to the new understanding of the character of the Kabo Reform and its meaning by analyzing things concerned with the dispatch of Korean Ministers to Japan and their diplomatic activities. At the same time, it is hoped to offer a clue to overview the relationship between Korea and Japan in the period of Enlightenment. During all the time of the Reform except three months, the office of Korean Minster to Japan was carried on by deputy ministers. Yi Wan-yong, Song Ki-un, Yi Joon-yong were appointed to the Minister right after the inception of the Reform, but they did not proceed to their offices. In May, 1895, Ko Young-hee, who knew well of Japanese domestic situation, inaugurated him to the office, but he also came back to Korea as soon as Queen Min was assassinated. His replacement, Kim Ka-jin was deposed from the office even before he went to his office. The Korean Legation to Japan was managed by chancellor(chamseokwon) and clerk(seogisaeng). Among them, chancellor Kim Sa-soon and Yi Tae-jik were appointed to their offices although without a career required to the office, and served as officials to the local authorities after their coming back to Korea. Conversely, Han Young-won and Yu Chan, equipped with good linguistic abilities, was appointed to the offices of translator and clerk and promoted to chancellor. After coming back to Korea, they applied their experiences, directly or indirectly, to the diplomatic affairs with Japanese authorities. Korean Ministers to Japan received Korean students officially sent to Japan and supported them in many respects. The Ministers took care of the students and their student lives, including their admission, and even determined their student affairs in consult with the students. The Ministers bought machines, raw materials, books and others necessary for the managements of modern facilities, and organized the opportunities for Koreans to study and observe modern institutions. Likewise, the Ministers accommodated official Korean missions and Korean Ministers to the USA on way to their offices, and transferred official expenses to the Korean Legation to America. At the same time, the Ministers gathered informations concerned with Korea by means of various media such as newspaper, and reported them to the Korean government. Yet during the time of the Kabo Reform Movement, Korean Minister to Japan did not systematically collect comprehensive informations concerning Japanese domestic situation. Neither did they fully negotiate with Japanese government over the questions pending between two states. This was due to the following situations. There was just one Minister who actually did his office in Japan, and that for three months. At the same time, the Legation was not fully equipped with staffs necessary for its office. More noteworthy is that the relation between Korea and Japan was determined unilaterally by Japanese policies toward Korea, not on the mutual basis.