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대파 부위별 물과 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 생리활성
한인화(Inhwa Han),김지현(Ji-Hyun Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.4
대파를 잎, 줄기, 뿌리로 나누어 부위별로 물과 80% 에탄올로 추출하여 항산화 효과를 포함한 생리활성을 측정하였다. 총 페놀 함량과 플라보노이드 함량은 물과 80% 에탄올 추출물 모두 대파 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 줄기에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 80% 에탄올의 경우 대파의 뿌리에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 물 추출물의 경우 대파 잎에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. ABTS 라디칼소거능과 환원력은 두 추출물 모두 대파의 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 SOD 유사 활성은 뿌리에서 가장 높게 나타났다. Lipase 저해 활성과 알코올 분해능의 경우도 80% 에탄올 추출물과 물 추출물 모두 대파의 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났다. α-Glucosidase 저해 활성의 경우 80% 에탄올 추출물은 부위별 유의적 차이는 없었으나 물 추출물의 경우 대파 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그람 양성균인 B. cereus에 대한 항균 활성은 나타나지 않았으나 대파 잎과 줄기에서 그람음성균인 P. aeruginosa에 대한 항균 활성이 나타났다. DPPH 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성을 제외하고는 모두 대파잎에서 가장 높은 항산화 활성이 나타나 대파의 부위 중 대파 잎이 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, lipase 저해 활성으로 나타나는 비만 억제 효과, α-glucosidase 저해 활성으로 나타나는 항당뇨 효과, 알코올분해능 및 항균 활성도 대파의 잎에서 가장 높은 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타나 대파의 부위 중 잎이 기능성 소재로서 가장 효과적이라 판단된다. Physiological activities, including antioxidant activity, were examined in water and 80% ethanol extracts of leaf, stem, and root parts of Welsh onion. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were highest in both extracts of leaf and lowest in those of stem among parts of Welsh onion. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was highest in root among 80% ethanol extracts and in leaf among water extracts. 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity and reducing power were the highest in both extracts of Welsh onion leaf. Inhibitory activities against lipase in both extracts and α-glucosidase in water extract were also highest in Welsh onion leaf. Alcohol dehydrogenase promoting activity was also highest in extracts of Welsh onion leaf. Both leaf and water extracts of stem only exhibited antimicrobial effects on Gram (-) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This result implies that leaf is the most optimal part of Welsh onion as functional material, although stem and root parts of Welsh onion also exhibited physiological activity, including antioxidant activity.
기능성 소재를 첨가한 우리밀 제빵 제품의 항산화 활성과 단백질 소화도
한인화(Inhwa Han),박병건(Byung Geon Park) 동아시아식생활학회 2014 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.24 No.6
Cookies, muffins and baguettes were formulated with Korean wheat flour and compared with those made from imported wheat flour in terms of total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). Chunnyencho and Honghawsi were added to improve quality of the bakery products. Addition of Chunnyencho did not show any significant improvement, whereas Honghawsi increased total phenol content of cookies. Total phenol content in 80% ethanol extract of muffins prepared with Korean wheat flour was 1.5 times higher than those made from imported wheat flour, whereas total phenol content was 1.2 times higher in the 80% methanol extract of baguettes prepared with imported wheat flour compared to those made with Korean wheat flour. Overall, total phenol content of Korean wheat flour was higher than that of imported wheat flour because total phenol content was higher in 80% ethanol extracts than in 80% methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was not significantly different between ethyl acetate extracts of bakery products from imported wheat and Korean wheat, whereas antioxidant activity of 80% methanol extract of muffins with Korean wheat was 2.4 times higher than that from imported wheat. IVPD was not significantly different in any bakery products made from imported wheat or Korean wheat but was higher in baguettes than cookies or muffins. Conclusively, bakery products made from Korean wheat had higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity than imported wheat.
제7기 1차년도(2016) 국민건강영양조사를 이용한 비만 및 건강행태에 따른 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도 비교 연구
한인화(Inhwa Han),정민영(Min Young Chong) 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.49 No.12
본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제7기 1차연도인 2016년도에 실시된 건강 설문조사와 검진 조사에 응답한 만 20세 이상 성인을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 비만도, 건강행태에 따른 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도와 이상지질혈증 진단 기준에 따라 분류된 HDL-콜레스테롤 낮음, 정상, 높음군의 분포를 비교 분석하였다. 전체적으로 조사 항목에 따른 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 평균 농도는 이상지질혈증 기준인 40 ㎎/dL보다 높게 나타났으나 그룹별 분포를 보면 18.7%가 낮음군으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성 중 성별에 따라 여자가 남자보다 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도가 높았으며 이상지질혈증 기준에 따라 분류된 HDL-콜레스테롤 낮음군의 비율도 낮았다. 나이에 따라서는 남녀 모두 나이가 증가할수록 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도가 감소하고 낮음군의 비율은 증가하였다. 가구 수입과 교육 수준에 대해 남자는 가구 수입에 따른 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며, 여자는 가구 수입과 교육 수준에 따른 그룹별 분포 차이가 유의적으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 허리둘레에 따른 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도 차이를 제외하고는 BMI와 허리둘레 기준 모두에서 비만인 사람이 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도가 낮았으며 낮음군의 비율은 증가하였다. 건강행태 중 아침 식사 빈도와 외식 빈도 모두 남자는 유의적 차이가 없었으며 여자는 HDL-콜레스테롤 그룹별 분포에서 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 아침식사 빈도는 비례적인 관계가 나타나지 않았으며 외식 빈도가 증가할수록 낮음군의 비율이 감소하였다. 신체활동은 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 그룹별 분포에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 고강도 신체활동 일수는 여자에서, 중강도 신체활동 일수는 남자에서 양의 관계를 나타내었다. 흡연량이 증가할수록 남녀 모두 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도가 감소하고 낮음군의 비율은 증가하였다. 음주 빈도의 경우에는 남녀 모두 빈도수가 증가할수록 혈중 농도가 증가하고 낮음군의 비율이 감소하는 긍정적인 관계로 나타나 음주와 HDL-콜레스테롤과의 관계성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구 결과에서 보이듯이 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도는 일반적 특성, 비만, 건강행태와 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있음으로 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지방과 함께 이상지질혈증의 기준으로서 그 중요성을 인식하고 국민 건강의 올바른 지침을 마련하기 위해 HDL-콜레스테롤 혈중 농도를 이상지질혈증의 치료 기준으로 활용해야 한다고 판단된다. This study examined the variations in blood HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels based on the data from the Seventh (2016) KNHANES. Further, the data was analyzed to correlate blood HDL-C levels with general characteristics, obesity and health behavior. Females showed higher HDL-C levels than males, and the levels decreased with age in males (P<0.001). HDL-C levels showed significant variations based on the household income in males (P<0.01). Males with obesity, as defined by both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, had lower HDL-C levels than normal but females with obesity defined only by BMI had lower levels (P<0.001). The HDL-C level showed significant variations based on the smoking and drinking frequency among the studied health behaviors (P<0.001). The distribution of low, moderate, and high groups classified by blood HDL-C levels showed significant variations by sex, age, obesity, smoking and drinking. Also, the distribution of the groups showed significant variations based on education levels, waist circumference and frequency of eating breakfast and eating outside in females. Similar variations were observed based on high-intensity physical activity in both males and females, and medium intensity physical activity in males (P<0.05). HDL-C levels correlated negatively with obesity and smoking and positively with physical activity. Drinking frequency, however, was associated positively with HDL-C levels and this implies that further studies on the relation of blood HDL-C with drinking are needed. In conclusion, HDL-C is closely related to general characteristics, obesity, and health behavior. Therefore the importance of using HDL-C as the standard parameter for dyslipidemia treatment should be emphasized.
두유, 이눌린, 쌀가루를 첨가하여 Lactobacillus acidophilus를 이용한 푸딩의 냉장 저장 중 품질 특성 및 프로바이오틱스 생존율
한인화 ( Inhwa Han ),임승용 ( Seung-yong Lim ) 한국산업식품공학회 2021 산업 식품공학 Vol.25 No.3
This research aimed to investigate the effects of the inoculation method and diverse ingredients on the quality properties and probiotics viability of pudding with milk and/or soymilk. The probiotic strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus, LA-5) was inoculated into the yogurt base and fermented until the pH is 5.10± 0.05. The fermented yogurt was added into pudding base (yogurt inoculation), or LA-5 was directly inoculated (direct inoculation). During the storage of the puddings at 4±1℃ for 4 wks, the quality characteristics (pH, acidity, texture) and the probiotics viability of pudding were measured and compared. As a result, the puddings with yogurt inoculation showed significantly lower pH and higher acidity than those with direct inoculation. In texture properties, including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, the addition of rice powder increased those in milk pudding more but the addition of inulin in the milk-soymilk pudding more. The addition of rice powder increased probiotics viability more than inulin in milk and milk-soymilk puddings. Therefore, adding rice and/or inulin can potentially improve the probiotics viability and quality characteristics of pudding.
오원정,한인화,박병건,이지순,양해통,신현재,Wu, Yuanzheng,Han, Inhwa,Park, Byung-Geon,Li, Jishun,Yang, Hetong,Shin, Hyun-Jae The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.17 No.3
The effects of medicinal mushroom (Sparassis crispa) powder supplementation on the rheological property of dough and the quality of bread were investigated. Naturally dried S. crispa powders (NDSCP) and freeze-dried ones (FDSCP) were prepared. Farinograph profiles of dough showed that mushroom powder addition at levels higher than 1% led to reduced dough stability suggested by decreased development time and increased weakness. The incorporation of S. crispa powders was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to other mushrooms which might be attributed to its high content of beta-glucan. FDSCP was chosen over NDSCP because of its fragrant flavor which could be ascribed to the preservation of volatile polyphenol components. The quality of FDSCP bread was evaluated with respect to specific volume, texture, color, and organoleptic qualities. The specific volume of bread with S. crispa powder decreased compared to the control, while textural properties, such as hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, were enhanced. Sensory evaluation showed that 0.3% FDSCP incorporation presented the highest bread quality. With its daily consumption, S. crispa supplemented bread can provide consumers with multiple health benefits.
양홍교(Hong-jiao Yang),한인화(Inhwa Han) 동아시아식생활학회 2018 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.28 No.4
A large quantity of wheat flour is used in Korea but previous research on the physicochemical characteristics of Korean wheat flour has been insufficient. Hence research on Korean wheat flour is required. This study compared the quality characteristics of Korean wheat flour with Chinese and imported wheat flours to strengthen the people`s awareness of Korean wheat flour. This study examined nine types of wheat flours: Three Korean wheat flours (KWW, KWB and KWH), three Chinese wheat flours (CWH, CWQ and CWL) and three imported wheat flours (IWG, IWM and IWB). KWW and CWL had the highest crude ash content. Chinese wheat flour had the highest crude protein content. Korean and imported wheat flours showed a similar crude protein content. Korean and Chinese wheat flours had a similar density and pH. Chinese wheat dough had the highest gluten content, whereas Korean and imported wheat dough had a similar gluten content. IWB had the highest amylose content, whereas CWL had the lowest. CWL had the higher β-glucan content than Korean and imported wheat flours. Korean and Imported wheat flours had a similar β-glucan content. The quality of Korean wheat flour was generally compatible with imported wheat flour.
제8기 1차 연도(2019) 국민건강영양조사를 이용한 정상, 주의, 대사증후군 그룹 간 영양 섭취 비교 연구
정민영(Min-Young Chong),한인화(Inhwa Han) 한국식품영양과학회 2023 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.52 No.12
This study compared the nutrient intakes of normal (0), caution (1∼2), and metabolic syndrome (≥3, MS) groups, classified by the number of metabolic syndrome diagnosing criteria using data from the eighth (2019) KNHANES. The caution group was the largest group. Male, older age, lower household income and education level increased the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Intakes of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber were higher in the MS group than in the normal group, but intakes of carbohydrates and sugars were higher in the normal group. Intakes of energy, lipid, PUFA, n-6 FA, and sodium were significantly different among the one-symptom subgroups of the caution group, and T (high blood triglyceride) group showed the highest intake amounts for all and the H (low blood HDL-cholesterol) group the lowest. Intakes of protein, cholesterol, and iron were significantly different in intakes of the two-symptoms subgroups, additionally to the one-symptom subgroups. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, SFA, PUFA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, cholesterol, phosphorus, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin were significantly different in the 3-symptoms subgroups of the MS group, and these intakes were also significantly different in the 4∼5 symptoms subgroups except for MUFA and n-3 FA. These results represented that nutrient intakes differ among the groups with different degrees of metabolic syndrome and suggests that dietary patterns should be modified accordingly.
추출 용매를 달리한 한국산 배(Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) 과피의 생리 활성
박지수(Ji-Su Park),한인화(Inhwa Han) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.2
본 연구는 전라남도 대표 과일인 나주 신고배를 대상으로 배과피를 분리 건조한 후 용매에 따른 배 과피의 생리 활성을 비교하고자 하였다. 시료는 과피를 1.5 mm의 일정한 두께로 분리해낸 후, 가장 일반적으로 사용되고 있고, 건조온도를 조절할 수 있는 열풍건조법을 이용하여 6시간 동안 60oC에서 건조시켰다. 열풍건조 시킨 시료를 분쇄기로 분쇄하였고, 3가지 용매인 물, 80% ethanol, 80% methanol로 추출하여 실험을 진행하였다. 총 페놀 함량측정에서는 물 추출물에 비해 80% ethanol과 80% methanol 추출물에서 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 80% methanol 추출물이 43.76 mg QE/g으로 3가지 용매 중 가장 많은 양의 총 페놀 함량을 함유하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 플라보노이드 함량측정에서는 80% ethanol 추출물이 28.51 mg QE/g으로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. Radical 소거 활성에 대한 항산화실험은 DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, 환원력 실험을 통해 이루어졌다. 먼저, DPPH와 ABTS에 대한 radical 소거 활성에서는 모두 물 추출물에서 높았으며, 각각 3.57, 44.14 Mg TEAC/g의 값을 보였고, DPPH radical 소거 활성실험에서는 각 용매사이에서 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. 반면, 환원력에서는 80% methanol 추출물에서 197.46 Mg TERP/g으로 가장 높았고, 물 추출물에서 79.62 Mg TERP/g으로 가장 낮은 결과를 보였으며, 각 용매사이에서 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. α-glucosidase 저해효과에서는 80% methanol 추출물이 91.75%로 가장 높은 수치를 보였고, 물 추출물에서 83.04%의 가장 낮은 저해효과를 보였으며, 두 용매 사이에서 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 알코올 분해능 활성은 전체적으로 좋은 편이였으나 그 중 물 추출물이 173.32%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 그리고 항균실험에서는 B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa에서 모두 항균성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 본 실험에 사용된 3가지 용매 중 물 추출물은 DPPH radical 소거활성, ABTS radical 소거활성, 알코올 분해능에서 높은 효과를 보였으며, 80% ethanol 추출물은 플라보노이드 함량이 높게 나타났다. 80% methanol 추출물에서는 총 페놀 함량, 환원력, α-glucosidase에서 효과를 보였다. 따라서, 배 과피에서 활용하고자 하는 생리 활성에 따라 본 실험 결과를 응용하여 적합한 추출용매를 선택하면 목적하는 생리 활성의 효능을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The effect of the extraction solvent on the physiological properties of the peel of the Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) was evaluated. The total phenol content was highest in the 80%(wt) methanol extract, whereas flavonoid content was highest in the 80% ethanol extract. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities, and their reducing power. The water and 80% methanol extracts of the pear peel had highest DPPH and ABTS·radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, respectively. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was highest in the 80% methanol extract, and alcohol dehydrogenase activity was highest in the water extract. All three extracts had similar antimicrobial activity. Because water, 80% ethanol, and 80% methanol extracts exhibited high activities in different assays of physiological properties, each solvent could be used for specific purposes.