히트펌프의 계절별 시스템 효율계수에 관한 연구

이득환(Lee Deuk Hwan),유호경(Yu Ho-Kyung),한세희(Han Sae Hee),최현웅(Choi Hyun Woong),김재민(Kim Jae Min) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

In order to evaluate the performance of energy systems under the actual operation condition, coefficient of performance), SSEER(Seasonal System Energy Efficiency ratio for cooling) and System Coefficient of Performance can be used. SSEER/SCOP involves partial load coefficient of performance, energy use of fan/pump and loss of duct/pipes. represents the performance of energy systems. This paper presents the results of comparison analysis on the SSEER/SCOPs and SEERs of air-air heat pump systems in Korean context.

건물 구조체에 따른 히트펌프 시스템 계절별 에너지 효율 계수

이득환(Lee Deuk-Hwan),유호경(Yu Ho-Kyung),한세희(Han Sae-Hee),최현웅(Choi-Hyun Woong),김재민(Kim Jae-Min) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2013 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.4

While nominal COPs which are determined under a steady static condition cannot represent the actual system efficiency of heat pumps, seasonal energy efficiency ratings (SEER) are used for the more realistic performance assessment. SEERs are calculated by taking account of building energy partial load patterns which are determined by outdoor temperature bin and simplied heating/cooling load calculation. Although SEERs could be used for the assessment of the system performance, it is questionable that the nature of the simplified calculation provides accep accuracy of the results taking account of building configuration(e.g. thermal capacity, window ratio etc), regional climate conditions etc). The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of SEERs of heat pump systems integrated within a building. The KS C 9306 method for calculating SEERs was investigated and used for the comparison analysis with the detailed simulation tool Energyplus in terms of system efficiency rates according to the partial load profiles.

2단계 자가 산부식 접착제와 결합된 광중합과 화학중합 복합레진의 법랑질 접착

한세희,김은성,조영곤 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 2단계 자가 산부식 접착제를 이용하여 법랑질에 대한 광중합과 화학중합복합레진의 결합강도 차이를 비교하고, 또한 현미경적인 관찰을 통하여 2단계 자가 산부식 접착제가 법랑질에서 화학중합 복합레진과 비적합성을 나타내는가를 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 미세전단 결합강도를 측정하기 위하여 Isomet Low Speed Saw를 이용하여 발거한 대구치를 근, 원심 방향으로 1mm 두께가 되도록 절단하여 여러 개의 절편을 만들었다. 치아의 절편들을 4개의 군으로 분류한 후, 사용된 접착제에 따라 SE Bond 군, AdheSE 군, Tyrian 군 Contax 군으로 분류하였다. 각 군의 접착제를 각 절편의 법랑질 표면에 적용한 후, Tygon tube를 이용하여 광중합형 복합레진 (Filtek 2250) 또는 화학중합 복합레진 (Luxacore Smartmix Dual)을 접착하였다. 실온의 증류수에 24시간 동안 보관한 후, universal testing machine을 이용하여 각 시편의 복합레진과 범랑절의 접착계면이 파절될 때까지 분당 1 mm의 crosshead speed를 가하여 미세전단 결합강도를 측정하였다. 각 군의 미세전단 결합강도치에 대한 유의성 검증은 two-way ANOVA와 Tukey HSD검정 및 독립표본 t검정을 이용하여 p = 0.05 유의수준에서 분석하였다. 주사전자 현미경 관찰을 위해 발거한 대구치의 협면이나 설면의 법랑질 일부를 Isomet Low Speed Saw로 절단한 후 각 군의 접착제와 광중합 복합레진 또는 화학중합 복합레진을 측조하여 각 군당 2개의 시편을 제작하였다. 주사전자 현미경 하에서 법랑질과 접착제 및 복합레진 계면을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 광중합과 화학중합 복합레진 모두에서 SE Bond 군의 법랑질에 대한 미세전단 결합 강도는 다른 3개의 군보다 통계학적으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 2. 광중합과 화학중합 복합레진 모두에서 AdheSE 군, Tyrian 군 Contax 군의 법랑질에 대한 미세 전단 결합 강도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 동일한 접착제를 사용한 경우, 모든 군에서 법랑질에 대한 광중합 복합레진의 미세전단 결합강도는 화학중합 복합레진보다 통계학적으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 4. 모든 접착제와 법랑질 계면은 긴밀한 접합을 나타내어 화학중합 복합레진과 접착제 간에 비적합성이 나타나지 않았다. This study was to compare the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of light- and chemically cured composites to enamel coupled with four 2-step self-etch adhesives and also to evaluate the incompatibility between 2-step self-etch adhesives and chemically cured composite resin. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and a 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to four groups by adhesives used: SE group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE), Tyrian group (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), and Contax group (Contax). Each adhesive was applied to a cut enamel surface as per the manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek 2250) or chemically cured composite (Luxacore Smartmix Dual) was bonded to the enamel of each specimen using a Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to μSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean USBS (n=20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at 95% level. Also the interface of enamel and composite was evaluated under FE-SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The μSBS of the SE Bond group to the enamel was significantly higher than that of the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin (p < 0.05). 2. There was not a significant difference among the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin. 3. The μSBS of the light-cured composite resin was significantly higher than that of the chemically cured composite resin when same adhesive was applied to the enamel (p < 0.05). 4. The interface of enamel and all 2-step self-etch adhesives showed close adaptation, and so the incompatibility of the chemically cured composite resin did not show. (J Kor Acad Cons Dent 32(3):169-179, 2007)

레진 인레이 합착시 지각과민처리제의 사용이 상아질 결합강도에 미치는 영향

한세희,조영곤 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 인레이 와동에서 인상을 채득하기 전 지각과민처리제 (Isodan)과 2단계 전부식 접착시스템 (One-Step)과 단일단계 자가부식 접착시스템 (All-Bond SE)으로 처리한 후, 복합레진 인레이를 자가 접착형 레진시멘트인 BisCem으로 합착시키는 경우 레진 인레이의 상아질에 대한 미세인장결합강도와 주사현미경적인 분석을 통하여 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 지각과민처리제인 Isodan만을 사용하는 경우 레진 인레이의 결합강도를 감소시킬 수 있으므로 단독 사용보다는 단일 단계 자가부식 시스템 (All-Bond SE)과 같이 사용하는 것이 추천된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a desensitizer on dentinal bond strength in cementation of composite resin inlay. Fifty four molar teeth were exposed the occlusal dentin. Class I inlay cavities were prepared and randomly divided into six groups. Control group ; no agent, Group 1 ; Isodan, Group 2 ; One-step, Group 3 ; All-Bond SE, Group 4 ; Isodan + One-step, Group 5 : Isodan + All-Bond SE. Desensitizing agent and dentin bonding agents were applied immediately after the completion of the preparations. Impressions were then made. The composite resin inlays (Tescera, Bisco) were fabricated according to the manufacturers' guidelines. Cementation procedures followed a standard protocol by using resin cement(Bis-Cem, Bisco). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. All specimens were sectioned to obtained sticks with 1.0 × 1.0 mm² cross sectional area. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was tested at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was made to examine the details of the bonding interface. 1. Group 1 showed significantly lower μTBS than other groups (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between the μUTB of Group 3 and Group 5. 3. The μTBS of Group 4 showed significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, a desensitizer (Isodan) might have an adverse effect on the bond strength of composite resin inlay to dentin.

백악질 변연을 갖는 2급 와동에 충전된 4종 복합레진의 미세누출

조영곤,한세희,김은성 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.6

The purpose of this study was to evaluate four different composite resins in vitro for microleakage in Class II box-type restorations that have gingival margins apical to the cementoenamel junction. Forty caries-free extracted human molars were used in this study. The Class II cavities were prepared 1.0mm below cementoenamel junction with a # 701 carbide bur. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups, each group comprising 20 treated cavities according to adhesives and filing materials ; Group 1 : Scotchbond Multipurpose/z-100, Group 2: Ariston Liner/Ariston pHc, Group 3: One-Step/pyramid, Group 4: Prime & Bond NT/SureFil. To simulate the clinical situation during restoration placement, a restoration template was fabricated and composite resin was filled using a three sited light-curing incremental technique. The specimens were stored in the 100% humidity for 7 days prior to thermocycling. The specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours and then embeded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned mesiodistally with a diamond wheel saw. The degree of marginal leakage was scored under the stereomicroscope(×20) and the data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The results were as follows : 1. Microleakage was minimal in the hybrid composite resin type, Z-100. 2. In the condensable types, Pyramid shows the most microleakage compared to Ariston pHc. And SureFil(p<0.001) . 3. There was no statistically significant difference between Ariston pHc and SureFil(p>0.001). Key words : Microleakage, Cemental margin, Hybride composite resin.

레진전색제의 마모저항성에 대한 평가

김수미,한세희,조영곤 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.3

이 연구는 강화형 미세입자 복합레진인 Micronew에 BisCover 레진전색제를 적용한 후 칫솔마모시험을 시행하여 복합레진 표면의 조도와 현미경적 변화를 비교함으로써 레진전색제를 복합레진 표면에 재적용할 시기를 알아보고자 하였다. 분리 가능한 알루미늄 판과 복합레진을 이용하여 8×3×2 mm크기의 복합레전 시편 200개를 제작하였다 복합레진 시편의 양쪽표면을Sof-Lex disc로 거친 입자에서 증간 입자까지 마무리한 후 실온의 증류수에 34시간 동안 보관하였다. 시편은 disc로 마무리만 시행한 F군 (n=10)과 마무리 후 레진전색제인 BisCover를 적용한 B군 (n=190)으로 분류하였다. B군은 다시 칫솔질을 가하지 않은 B-IM 군 (n=10)과 칫솔질을 가한 군 (n=180, B-1군에서 B-l8군)으로 분류하였다. 칫솔질을 가한 군은 칫솔마모검사기의 수조에 페리오 치약과 증류수를 무게 비 50 : 50으로 혼합하여 부은 다음 홈이 파진 알루미늄 블록에 각 군의 시편을 위치시키고 칫솔을 고정장치에 부착하여 전, 후 왕복운동을 가하여 칫솔질을 가하였다. 칫솔질은 B-1군에서 B-18군 까지 각각 900회씩 증가시켜 16,200회까지 시행하였다. 표면조도측정기를 사용하여 각 군의 복합레진 표면의 평균 표면조도 값 (Ra)을 산출한 후 통계적으로 분석하였고. 주사전자현미경하에서 각군의 대표적인 시편 1개를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. F군의 Ra는 0.898±0.145 ㎛, B-IM 군의 Ra는 0.289±0.142 ㎛를 나타냈으며, B-1군에서 B-18군까지의 Ra는 점차적으로 증가하여 B-1 군에서 0.299±0.48 ㎛, B-18군에서 0.642 ± 0.313 ㎛까지 나타났다. 2. Ra 최종 군집중심은 군집 1 (B-IM∼B-7)에서 0.361 ㎛, 군집 2 (B-8∼B-14)에서 0.511 ㎛, 군집 3 (B-15∼B18)에서 0.624 ㎛를 나타내어 각 군집의 Ra 최종 군집중심 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. (F=49.705, p=0.000) 3. B-IM군의 Ra 증감율은 F군에 비해 210.72%감소되었으며, B-8군과 B-15군의 Ra 증감율은 B-IM군에 비해 각각 35.49%와 51.35% 증가되었다. 4. FE-SSM 관찰에서 B-IM 군은 매우 평활한 복합레진 표면을 나타내었고, B-8군은 전체적으로 평활한 복합레진 표면을 보였지만 표면에 수직으로 아주 얕은 흠집을 나타내었다. B-15군은 복합레진 표면의 중앙에서 B-8군보다 더 넓고 불규칙 한 수직의 흠집을 나타내었고, B-18군은 복합레진 표면 전체에 넓은 흠집을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion resistance of surface penetrating sealant which was applied on a composite resin restoration and to provide proper time to reapply sealant on composite resin surface. Two hundred rectangular specimens, sized 8×3×2 mm, were made of Micronew (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A) and divided into two groups F group (n = 10) was finished with coarse and medium grit of Sof-Lex discs and BisCoverwas applied B group (n = 190) after finishing with discs. B group was again subdivided into nineteen subgroups. From B-1 group to B-18 group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion test using a distilled water-dentifrice slurry and toothbrush heads. B-IM group was not subjected to toothbrush abrasion test. Average surface roughness (Ra) of each group was calculated using a surface roughness tester (Surfcorder MSE-1700: Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A representative specimen of each group was examined by FE-SEM (S-4700: Hitachi High Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The data were analysed using cluster analysis, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Ra of F group was 0.898±0.145 ㎛ and B-IM group was 0.289±0.142 ㎛. Ra became higher from B-1 group (0.299±0.48 ㎛) to B-18 group (0.642±0.313 ㎛). 2. Final cluster center of Ra was 0.361 ㎛ in cluster 1 (B-IM∼13-7), 0.511 ㎛ in cluster 2 (B-8 B-14) and 0.624 ㎛ in cluster 3 (B-15∼B-18). There were significant difference among Ra of three clusters. 3. Ra of B-IM group was decreased 210.72% than Ra of F group. Ra of B-8 group and B-15 group was increased 35.49% and 51.35% respectively than Ra of B-IM group. 4. On FE-SEM, B-IM group showed the smoothest resin surface. B-8 group and B-15 group showed vertically shallow scratches, and. wide and irregular vertical scratches on composite resin surface respectively. Within a limitation of this study, finished resin surface will be again smooth and glazy if BisCover would be reapplied within 8 to 14 months after applying to resin surface. [J Kor Acad Cons Dent 32(3):180-190, 2007]