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최문지,안진표,김애정,이명숙,Choi, Munji,An, Jinpyo,Kim, Ae Jung,Lee, Myoungsook The East Asian Society of Dietary Life 2014 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Compared to the large numbers of studies on the diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cancer therpeutic effects of ginseng, the anti-obese effect and mechanisms of ginsengs have not been studied as much. To determine the effects of ginseng on obesity, 14 keywords (ginseng, ginsenoside, obesity, weight, fat, diet, overeat, appetite, lipid, 3T3-L1, adipocyte, food intake, adipogenesis and lipolysis) were combined in searching a database. Fifty-six articles published from 1983 to 2012 as well as 656 patents registered until Aug $17^{th}$, 2012, were screened for anti-obese effects of ginseng. In the classification of experimental methods, 16 papers on 3T3-L1 cells, 38 papers on animals and three papers on human were reviewed. In terms of obese mechanisms of action, the most commonly used biomarkers were in order of lipid profiles > weight change > blood glucose > adipocytokine. Most ginseng studies on obesity focused on AMPK, $PPAR{\gamma}$, GLUT-4, PI3K and SREBP-1. Korean white ginseng extracts and Re repressed the lipogenesis genes such as PPARc2, SREBP-1c, LPL, FAS and DGAT1. However, ginseng or ginsenosides, PD (Rb1) and PT (Re), showed different or contradictory results. Water and ethanol extraction of ginseng showed contradictory effects on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, wheras IL-6 was repressed by ethanol extracts and TNF-${\alpha}$ repressed by Re in vitro. Based on the literature, further studies on anti-obese mechanisms of ginseng, such as the inflammation-related obesity or cross signals between the adipocytes and the environments, are needed, instead of more studies on its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects.
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고도 불포화지방산으로 산화스트레스가 유도된 흰쥐의 뇌에서 비타민 E의 항산화효소 활성 및 CYP2E1 발현에 미치는 효과
최문지(Munji Choi),김현경(Hyunkyung Kim),이명숙(Myoungsook Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.8
It is shown that the risk of chronic disease is increased not only by the concentration of fat in the diet but also by the composition of dietary fatty acids. We investigated the anti-oxidant effects of vitamin E on dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid-fed mice. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: a normal diet group (C), 4 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid diet groups (OA, LA, LNA, DHA), and 4 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid diet with 0.05% vitamin E groups (OAE, LAE, LNAE, DHAE). The food efficiency in the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid diet groups was higher than in the normal diet groups. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased by LA and DHA fatty acids. Vitamin E significantly decreased LA and LHA-induced lipid peroxidation. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was increased in the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid diet groups compared to the control group, while these were decreased by supplements with vitamin E, except in the OAE group. Also, the protein expression of CYP2E1 was significantly increased in only the LNA group, while these were decreased by supplements with vitamin E. These results taken together indicate that vitamin E may have positive effects on a dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid diet-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue.
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녹두의 Vitexin이 비만전구세포에서 세포분화 및 아디포사이토카인 분비능에 미치는 영향
위해리(Haeri Wi),최문지(Munji Choi),최세림(Selim Choi),김애정(Ae-Jung Kim),이명숙(Myoungsook Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.8
Obesity is an important issue worldwide as it may associated with increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Mung bean is known as a functional food for decreasing the glycemic index and lipid profile of plasma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of vitexin from mung bean on the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and adipocytokine secretion. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with vitexin from days 0 to 14 at various levels of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM, there was no change in cell viability. Vitexin treatment at 50, 100, and 200 μM decreased triacylglycerol levels in cells, but only 100 μM vitexin induced lipolysis. At 200 μM of vitexin, phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, which causes secretion of inflammatory adipocytokines, was depressed, whereas there was an increase in expression of PPARγ, the key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Phosphorylation of AMPK increased at 100 μM vitexin. TNF-α and aP2 mRNA expression increased at 25 μM vitexin, whereas only TNF-α mRNA expression increased at 200 μM vitexin. Further, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and aP2 decreased at other concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Since we observed that mRNA expression of C/EBP, SREBP1, and PPARγ did not change upon vitexin treatment, our future studies will investigate other genes such as mTOR, which is related with apoptosis signaling, or SIRT1, which is associated with inhibition of adipogenesis. Our results indicate that vitexin at concentrations between 100 and 200 μM is suitable in vivo for the development of mung bean as an anti-obesity therapy or functional food.
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