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한국 해남 농경지와 대기간의 에너지와 이산화탄소의 지표 교환
이희춘 ( Lee Hui Chun ),홍진규 ( Hong Jin Gyu ),조천호 ( Cho Chun Ho ),최병철 ( Choi Byoung Cheol ),오성남 ( Oh Sung Nam ),김준 ( Kim Jun ) 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.2
육상생태계와 하층 대기와의 상호작용 및 환경변화에 대한 생태계의 반응을 정량적을 이해하기 위하여 2002년 7월부터 논가 밭이 혼합되어 있는 해남(FK) 관측지에서 이산화탄소 관측이 이루어지고 있다. 관측 초기에는 안정된 자료 확보르 위하여 에디 공분산 시스템의 유지 관리를 중점적으로 추진하였다. 30분 평균된 이산화탄소 평균 농도와 순 생태 교환량(Net Eco-system Exchange)은 뚜렷한 일변화와 함께 계절적인 차이를 나타내었다. 낮 시간의 이산화탄소 플럭스는 8월에 최대 1.0mg CO₂m^(-2)s^(-1)의 흡수률이 관측되었고, 야간에는 최대 0.3mg CO₂m^(-2)s^(-1)정도의 이산화탄소가 대기중으로 방출되었다. 이산화탄소 흡수량과 방출량 모두 점차적으로 감소하여 겨울철에는 거의 0에 가까운 값이거나 0.05mg CO₂m^(-2)s^(-1)보다 작은 방출율을 나타내었다. 해남 플럭스 관측지역은 7월부터 9월까지 이산화탄소의 상대적으로 강한 흡원으로 작용하여 일 최대 22g CO₂m^(-2)정도의 이산화탄소를 흡수하였다. 이후 10월부터 12월까지는 약한 발원으로 작용하였는데, 일 평균 2g CO₂m^(-2) 정도의 이산화탄소를 방출하였다. 해남 관측지에서의 환경 변화에 대한 생태계의 반응 및 격년 변동 등에 대한 정량적 연구를 위하여 장기 관측은 지속적으로 이루어질 것이며, 심도 있는 분석과 교환 메커니즘의 이해를 위해 토양 및 식물과 관련된 집중 관측과 단기 실험들이 뒤따라야 하겠다. Surface energy and CO₂ fluxes have been measured over a farmland in Haenam, Korea since July 2002. Eddy covariance technique, which is the only direct flux measurement method, was employed to quantitatively understand the interaction between the farmland ecosystem and the atmospheric boundary layer. Maintenance of eddy covariance system was the main concern during the early stage of measurement to minimize gaps and uncertainties in the dataset. Half-hourly averaged CO₂ concentration showed distinct diurnal and seasonal variations, which were closely related to changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO₂. Daytime maximum CO₂ uptake was about -1.0 mg CO₂m^(-2)s^(-1) in August whereas nighttime CO₂ release was up to 0.3 mg CO₂m ^(-2)s^(-1) during the summer. Both daytime CO₂ uptake and nighttime release decreased gradually with season. During the winter season, NEE was from near zero to 0.05 mg CO₂m^(-2)s^-(-1). FK site was a moderate sink of atmospheric CO₂ until September with daily NEE of 22 g CO₂m^(-2)d^(-1). In October, it became a weak source of CO₂ with an emission rate of 22 g CO₂m^(-2)d^(-1). Long-term flux measurements will continue at FK site to further investigate inter-annual variability in NEE. To better understand these exchange mechanism and in-depth analysis, process-level field experiments and intensive short-term intercomparisons are also expected to be followed.
선민아(Minah Sun),조천호(Chun-Ho Cho),김영미(Youngmi Kim),이조한(Johan Lee),부경온(Kyoung-On Boo),변영화(Young-Hwa Byun) 한국기상학회 2017 대기 Vol.27 No.2
The global terrestrial ecosystems have shown a large spatial variability in recent decades and represented a carbon sink pattern at mid-to-high latitude in Northern Hemisphere. However, there are many uncertainties in magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial carbon fluxes due to the effect of climate factors. So, it needs to accurately understand the spatio-temporal variations on carbon exchange flux with climate. This study focused on the effects of climate factors, .i.e. temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, to terrestrial biosphere carbon flux. We used the terrestrial carbon flux that is simulated by a CarbonTracker, which performs data assimilation of global atmospheric CO₂ mole fraction measurements. We demonstrated significant interactions between Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) and climate factors by using the partial correlation analysis. NEP showed positive correlation with temperature at mid-to-high latitude in Northern Hemisphere but showed negative correlation pattern at 0-30°N. Also, NEP represented mostly negative correlation with precipitation at 60°S-30°N. Solar radiation affected NEP positively at all latitudes and percentage of positive correlation at tropical regions was relatively lower than other latitudes. Spring and summer warming had potentially positive effect on NEP in Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand as increasing the temperature in autumn, NEP was largely reduced in most northern terrestrial ecosystems. The NEP variability that depends on climate factors also differently represented with the type of vegetation. Especially in crop regions, land carbon sinks had positive correlation with temperature but showed negative correlation with precipitation.
윈드프로파일러 관측 자료를 이용한 장마철 강수 형태 분류와 관련된 종관장의 특성 분석: 2003년-2005년
원혜영(Hye Young Won),조천호(Chun-Ho Cho),백선균(Seon-Kyun Baek) 한국기상학회 2006 대기 Vol.16 No.3
Remote sensing techniques using satellites or the scanning weather radars depend mostly on the presence of clouds or precipitation, and leave the extensive regions of clear air unobserved. But wind profilers provide the most direct measurements of mesoscale vertical air motion in the troposphere, even in the context of heavy precipitation. In this paper, the precipitation events during the Changma period was classified into 4 precipitation types - stratiform, mixed stratiform/ convective, deep convective, and shallow convective. The parameters for the classification of analysis are the vertical structure of reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectral width measured with the wind profiler at Haenam for a three-year period (2003-2005). In addition, the synoptic fields and total amount of precipitation were analyzed using the Global Final Analyses (FNL) data and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data. During the Changma period, the results show that the stratiform type was dominant under the moist-neutral atmosphere in 2003, whereas the deep convective type was under the moist unstable condition in 2004. The stratiform type was no less popular than the deep convective type among four seasons because the moist neutral layer was formed by the convergence between the upper-level jet and the low-level jet, and by the moisture transport along the western rim of the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone.