이백(李白)의 <김릉여제현송권십일서(金陵與諸賢送權十一序)>와 <춘어고숙송조사류염방서(春於姑熟送趙四流炎方序)>역해

趙成千 ( Cho Sungchun ),趙得昌 ( Cho Deukchang ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2018 中國學論叢 Vol.0 No.60

Until now, domestic and foreign studies on Li Bai have been focused on poetry. The interest in his proses was relatively small, and the number of translations and annotations, the basis of research, was especially very low. The translation and annotation on Li Bai prose are to be valuable source for the research on Li Bai. Two pieces of Li Bai‘s proses have been translated and annotated here. The sentence ‘I write this as I say farewell to Quan Zhaoyi in Jinling with the many sages’ is a prose written as Li Bai said good-bye to his friend Quan Zhaoyi, who was leaving Jinling, heading south in 755. In this prose, Li Bai highly praises Quan Zhaoyi’s candid, Taoistic appearance and literary talents as he also described his friendship and his teachings. The second prose ‘I write this as I say farewell to Zhao Yan, who has been banished in springtime from Gushu to the hot region in the south’ is a prose written as Li Bai said good-bye to Zhao Yan, who was exiled to the hot southern region as he infringed the criminal law in 756 due to his jealousy with the bad group of people. Li Bai in this prose expressed his resentment for Zhao Yan’s misfortune, as he also expressed his sympathy for Zhao as well as his grief saying good-bye to him. Both proses are related to the political frustration of the writer, as the spirit of satire on the society back then is covertly present.

王夫之≪薑齋文集·九昭≫ 역해(3)

趙成千 ( Cho¸ Sungchun ) 중국어문연구회 2021 中國語文論叢 Vol.- No.106

WangFuzhi’s JiangZhaiWenJi(薑齋文集)·JiuZhao(九昭) is an important work of his old age, originally at the end of ChuCiTongShi(楚辭通釋) which was completed in 1635. The motive of Wang Fuzhi for this work is that he imitated Qu Yuan(屈原)’s ChuCi and wrote this work, because his career and enthusiasm for serving the government of Nanming(南明) is Similar to Qu Yuan(屈原) in the process of interpreting ChuCi. Therefore, this work adopts the method of confession and adds his interpretation behind the poem. Reffering to Qu Yuan, Wang Fuzhi expressed his emotions in him. It is a very important document to understand the spirit of Qu Yuan & Wang Fuzhi and to understand ChuCi&ChuCiTongShi. This study conducts research on the translation and annotation of “DangFen(蕩愤)”, “DaoJie(悼孑)” in JiuZhao. “DangFen” is about washing away Qu Yuan’s anger. At first, Qu Yuan tried to unite with Qi(齊)to battle against Qin(秦), but the plan was restrained by ZhangYi(張仪) and JinShang(靳尚). The Furious had been accumulated, but there was no way to solve it. Even after being expelled, Qu Yuan couldn’t forget to fail to avenge the enemy and to fulfill his will. Therefore, this sentence envisioned conquering Jin and expanding the territory to the Jing River(泾水) & the Wei River(渭水) and thought of fulfilling Qu Yuan’s will and washing away his anger. “DaoJie” mourned that there had been no one to assist with the king, and although he was expelled, expressed the love for the country that he still felt sympathy for him and wanted to take care of him. These two sentences represented Wang Fuzhi’s heart regarding the historical situation in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the court reality of the government of Nanming. This is because the history, times, and circumstances of the two people were similar even though the times of Qu Yuan and Wang Fuzhi were different. Wang Fuzhi highly implied and symbolized his emotions through myth, allusion and metaphor. it is the literary characteristics of the two works and is also attributed to the historical environment of the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.

이백(李白) <증(贈)>시(詩) 역해(譯解) 및 고찰(考察)(8) ― 제32수에서 제34수까지

趙成千 ( Cho Sungchun ),趙得昌 ( Cho Deukchang ) 중국어문연구회 2020 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.98

This paper translates and contemplates the three poems of Li Bai(李白). The first poem can be divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph indicates that the reason for the poet himself to travel from the south to the north is that the poet intends to depend on Zhang Sui(張璲). The second paragraph shows that the poet admires Zhang Sui and is ashamed that the poet did not recognize the wisdom of Zhang Sui earlier. The third paragraph indicates that the poet had intended to achieve the dream early, but the poet has already aged, and hopes that the two will leave the world together and live in seclusion, not wasting their time in this world. The second poem can be divided into five paragraphs. The first paragraph first talks about the Lee family, praising Li Yu(李聿) as an official caring the people every day and will become a big talent later on. The second paragraph tells of some examples of Li Yu’s sensible politics. The third paragraph describes the atmosphere of the village ruled by Li Yu, praising Li Yu for the good control of the village. The fourth paragraph describes Li Yu’s sensible politics makes the village serene, and Li Yu lives quietly as if Li Yu is out of the world. The final paragraph declares Li Yu’s good personality and the reasons for writing this poem. The third poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph refers to the story of Tao Yuanming(陶淵明), who left office and touched Geomungo without lines, indicating that Li Hao(李皓) being suspended from the duties and Tao Yuanming quitting the job have the same thought. In the second paragraph, the poet notes mentions Li Hao also has a thought of being away from the world, so the poet wants these two to retire together.

王夫之≪薑齋文集ㆍ九昭≫ 역해(4)

조성천 ( Cho Sungchun ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.74

The two sentences express Qu Yuan(屈原)'s patriotism toward the Chu State. "Chenghui(懲悔)" expresses the determination that Qu Yuan will not regret even if he dies while fighting the small men to protect the king and preserve the country. "Yimin(遗愍)" is Qu Yuan's will that Although the prince did not recognize him, his loyalty and oath did not change, and he would face death comfortably. Wang Fuzhi uses these two sentences to represent his feelings and his loyalty toward the government of Nanming(南明) in the historical situation of Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is because even though Qu Yuan and Wang Fuji may have different eras, the history, era, and circumstances of the two men were similar. The fate of Chu state(楚國) and Ming government, Chu Huaiwang(楚懷王) and Nanming Guiwang(南明桂王), Zilan(子蘭) & JinShang(靳尙)who were officers in the Chu State and Wang Huacheng(王化澄)who was officer in the Namming government related to each other. The two works expressed and symbolized the sentiments of Qu Yuan, or Wang Fuzhi by adopting various allusive word and metaphors of Chuci(楚辭), which is related to the historical situation of Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are several achievements in this study: Arguing Sui(隨) and ShenXi(申息) as a state, finding out the source of the phrases Aishenquandao(爱身全道) and Yiyifu(已矣夫), and examining the Jun(竣) character of Sheijunyuxi(谁竣余兮), etc. By ending the translation of these two sentences, the translational research of JiuZhao(九昭) bears fruit. It is meaningful in that this study can be used as a reference for studying Wang Fu-ji's Jiuzhao(九昭).

王夫之≪薑齋文集·章靈賦≫ 역해(2)

趙成千 ( Cho Sungchun ) 중국어문연구회 2024 中國語文論叢 Vol.- No.118

JiangZhaiWenJi(薑齋文集)·ZhangLingFu(章靈賦) was written by Wang Fuzhi in 1652. ZhangLingFu consist of 22 clauses, including the first Xiaoxu(小序) and the last Luan yue(亂曰). This article is a translation and annotation from the 10 to the 15 clause. This work is very important to take a look at the internal conflict process of Wang Fu-ji, the process of concluding to the retreat, his intrinsic spirit, and the peculiarities of his life. This work is also important to take a look at his inner conflict, the process of his goin inner conflict, the process of his going into seclusion and the peculiarity of his literature, Fu(賦). In 1652, Sun KeWang(孫可望) captured GuiWang(桂王) and entered the Zhen(滇)·Qian(黔) area. His general manager, Li DingGuo(李定國), came to Hengyang through Guangdong and invited Wang FuZhi to be unorthodox government official. Wang was wandered in the advancing and retreating. In the decision to advance and retreat, so he practice the divination of the Book of Changes(Zhouyi周易). Wang Fuzhi shows the psychological process of determining the advancing and retreating. through the revelations of <Chun屯> and <Meng蒙> in The Classic of Change. Through <Chun>, he received wisdom to escape The Difficulty. In this situation, It was considered that practicing the will of the Heaven-yuanhenglizhen(元亨利貞), creating a sufficient and favorable environment, moving carefully, continuing to exert efforts without stopping and progressing progressively would create an advantageous foundation. Through <Meng>, he received a lesson to escape from the situation of ignorance about it. In this situation, he must stop for a while, receive the right teaching, see the timing, and cultivate the right virtue inside. Therefore, it was necessary to step back and control the inner side. This study has achieved several research results; it revealed the implications of “jianzi(建子)”, “shouyin(受寅)” and “Mengqiburan(蒙豈不然)” raised in the interpretation of <Chun> and <Meng>. In addition, this study examined the deeds of approximately 10 major historical figures in theSouthern MingDynasty. it is an important resource for understanding for understanding ZhangLingFu, the history of the Nammyeong period and the Ming-Qing Transition.

이백(李白)<증(贈)>시(詩) 역해(譯解) 및 고찰(考察)(10) ― 제39수에서 제41수까지

조성천 ( Cho Sungchun ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2020 中國學論叢 Vol.0 No.70

This paper translates and reviews three poems written by Li Bai(李白). The first poem consists of two paragraphs. The first paragraph describes that Han Xin(韓信), who was insulted by ruffians when he was young, finally made a contribution by helping the emperor after enduring the humiliation and rewarded the person who helped him after his success. In the second paragraph, unlike Han Xin, the poet complains his ill fate that he cannot be recognized by people even though he is talented. The second poem consists of four paragraphs. The first paragraph is a story about meeting Cui Chengfu(崔成甫) twice in Luoyang(洛陽) and Changan(長安), praising his outstanding character. The second paragraph describes that the poet and Cui Chengfu were in office together, but the poet was soon expelled from his official post. The third paragraph describes his hope that Cui Chengfu who has found him, will help him to unfold his will. The fourth paragraph expresses his desire that Cui Chengfu will take care of his desperate circumstances. The third poem can be divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph depicts the triumphant look of a son-in-law of the king who returns from the royal court. The second paragraph shows the son-in-law of the king treated the poet well while he took up the official post in the royal court. The third paragraph describes his hope that the son-in-law of the king will lead him well.

이백(李白)<贈>시역해(詩譯解) 및 고찰(考察)(12) ― (제45수에서 제46수까지)

조성천 ( Cho¸ Sungchun ),조득창 ( Cho¸ Deukchang ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73

This paper translates and reviews three poems written by Li Bai(李白). The first poem can be divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph describes the performance and achievements of Xie An(謝安) and expresses the feelings of adoration for him. The second paragraph describes the situation of Li Bai, who, despite his own wishes, left Changan(長安) due to false charge against him and has been wandering around for ten years. The third paragraph states that Li Bai himself is forced to wander the countryside, but Cai Xiong(蔡雄) as a talented person who will support the emperor could realize his ideal. The fourth paragraph expressed that the poet realizes the harmony of heaven and earth and his intention to hide in the countryside. The second poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph tells about what he had played with Ma Ju(馬巨), the beauty of the landscape of Xiangyang(襄陽), and the meeting with Han Zhaozong(韓朝宗). The second paragraph expresses that while Ma Ju is still young, he is already old and has grieved at loss of time without achieving his great ambition.

이백(李白)<증(贈)>시역해(詩譯解) 및 고찰(考察)(9) - (제35수에서 제38수까지)

조득창 ( Cho Deukchang ),조성천 ( Cho Sungchun ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2020 中國學論叢 Vol.0 No.69

This paper translates and reviews four poems written by Li Bai(李白). The first poem consists of two paragraphs. The first paragraph praises the noble grace of Guo Jiying(郭季鷹). The second paragraph expresses Li Bai’s wish to become a phoenix and spread his wings with Guo Jiying and fly high. The second poem consists of four paragraphs. The first paragraph conveys Li Bai’s lament on his own situation where he has nowhere to go like mugwort and fallen leaves, and he knows how to save the world, but no one recognizes him for it. In the second paragraph, he laments that while the king rules the country well and there is no war at the border, he hasn’t gotten ahead in the world. In the third paragraph, he says the reason he visits to meet many competent people is not to retreat like Zhu Geliang(諸葛亮) but to achieve his achievements while still young. The fourth paragraph deals with his wishes. He understands that he and other competent talents know each other’s ambitions well, and even if they break up, he wants to be able to leave their name for the next generation. The third poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph praises the great virtue of Secretary Wang(王司士). In the second paragraph, he says Secretary Wang is talented and wants him to take office in the central government. The fourth poem can also be divided into two paragraphs. Here’s what the first paragraph says: The king called wise hermits, but the two brothers insisted on remaining hermits. So the king appreciated their ethos. The second paragraph expresses his joy to have met the two brothers, and his desire to live like the Taoist hermits with the two brothers.

李白<贈>詩 譯解 및 考察(11) ― 제42수에서 제44수까지

조득창 ( Cho Deukchang ),조성천 ( Cho Sungchun ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.72

This paper translates and reviews three poems written by Li Bai(李白). The first poem can be divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph first describes the height and beauty of Mount Song(嵩山), then describes Taoist Jiao(焦鍊師)’s ascetic practice in Mount Song. The second paragraph describes various mysterious acts of Taoist Jiao. The third paragraph indicates that if he receives a book that makes him Taoist hermit with miraculous powers, he wants to practice hard and go to the world of Taoist hermit with miraculous powers. The second poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph compares Hermit Yang(陽徵君) with Tao Yuanming(陶淵明) and Liang Hong(梁鴻), and describes Hermit Yang as a person of noble demeanor and out of the world, like the old characters in “Biography of person of high character and integrity(高士傳)”. In the second paragraph, Hermit Yang, who was residing in the mountains, received a decree from the emperor called the court, asking when Hermit Yang, like Yang Boqi(楊伯起), would go to the land west of Hanguguan land(關西) and live without official life like Yang Boqi. The third poem can also be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph describes the autumn scenery, rejoicing that he had been together with Yuan Linzong(元林宗) for 30 years, but showed that he had not fulfilled his will and became gray haired and only sighed for a long time. The second paragraph is the story of Guan Zhong(管仲) and Han Xin(韓信), recalling his unfortunate situation, comforting himself with the story of Yue Yi(樂毅) and Su Qin(蘇秦), indicating that he does not have to blame himself for his feelings of improvement and retreat.

이백(李白)<증(贈)>시(詩) 역해(譯解) 및 고찰(考察)(5) ― (제22수에서 제26수까지)

趙得昌 ( Cho Deukchang ),趙成千 ( Cho Sungchun ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2019 中國學論叢 Vol.0 No.64

This paper translates and contemplates the five poems of Li Bai(李白). The first poem tells about the person who recognized and appreciated him as the one to save the world, and showed a strong desire of Li Bai for recommendation for public office and possible accomplishment. The second poem reveals his misfortune despite possessing extraordinary talent through describing the triumph and dejection of General Guo(郭將軍). The third poem, in the first half, depicts how he was in despair before entering the court and, towards the middle, how he escorted the emperor to the Hot Spring Palace(溫泉宮) after joining the court. In the latter half, it expresses that the only person that truly had a mutual understanding with him and agreed with his way was hermit Yang(楊山人). The fourth poem reveals his triumphant feeling earnestly, alluding himself to Yang Xiong(揚雄), to show that, like him, Li Bai himself was also praised and rewarded by composing poems dedicated to the emperor. The fifth poem praises the great magnanimity and noble personality of Pei Shisi, while expressing Li Bai‘s own feelings of regret that Pei Shisi(裴十四) wanders about aimlessly like a drifting cloud as the world does not recognize his value.