노인이 인식한 죽음의 의미와 준비에 관한 문화기술적 탐색 사례연구

조명옥(Cho, Myung-Ok) 한국노년학회 1997 한국노년학 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 노인의 죽음 체험을 탐색한 문화기술지이다. 죽음의 체험은 노인이 자신의 죽음에 부여하는 의미와, 이에 따라 노인이 자신의 죽음을 가꾸어 가는 노정에 초점을 두고 파악하고자 하였다. 인류학적 현지조사는 남원군의 한 동족마을에서 1990년 1월부터 1997년 7월까지 3회로 나누어 집중적으로 실시하였으며, 자료수집 기법은 참여관찰과 심층면접을 적용하였다. 집중조사에 참여한 주제보자는 환갑을 지난 12명의 노인들이었으며, 사회조사 자료는 마을 행정자들로부터 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 반영적 질적분석 기법과 Spradley의 분류분석 기법을 비롯한 신문화 기술적 분석기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구주제에 영향을 미치는 마을의 사회문화적 특성은 집단성과 이원적 구조, 위계성, 및 호혜성이며, 이 행위규칙들은 직계확대와 장계직계확대의 원리에 따라 확산된다. 연구지역 노인들은 이원구조와 삼원구조의 세계관을 동시에 지니고 있고, 이 세계관에 따라 자신의 죽음에 의미를 부여한다. 이원구조의 세계관은 조상/자손의 세계, 이승/저승의 세계, 전생/이생의 세계로 구성된다. 삼원구조의 세계관은 전생/현생/후생의 세계로 구성된다. 노인들에게 죽음의 의미는 형체가 흩어져 존재가 비존재화 하는 사건이며, 다른 세계로 삶의 장을 이동하는 기점이다. 이 이동은 보다 구체적으로 사후 저승 세계로의 전환, 조상세계로의 승격, 묘터로의 수평 이동, 전생으로의 회귀, 후생으로의 계승을 의미한다. 노인들은 흩어져 사라질 것에 대한 두려움을 극복하고 죽음에 대처하기 위하여 죽음을 이야기로 표현하고, 욕심을 다스려 생애 대한 애착에서 벗어난다. 또한 죽음 후의 세계를 상정하고, 이 세계로의 이동을 위하여 한과 응어리를 풀어 인연을 정리하고, 조상과 자손으로 정체감을 이산하여 존재의 영속을 꾀하며, 묘자리를 정하고 관리하면서 죽음의 행장을 차린다. 이 연구 결과는 민간돌봄 체계에 부합하는 전문간호 체계를 확립하는데 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. Death is a universial experience of all humankind, but it's meanings and patterns for behaviors are specific to the cultures and individual. This study is an Ethnography aimed to make thick discription of culture-specific experience of death of korean elderly, by it's meanings. The fieldworks was conducted in a Korean clan village, which composed of 143 members, from January of 1990 to July of 1997. The reaserch data were collected using participants observation and in depth interviews with 12 key informants aged 61 years old or more. The data was analysed using by reflective qualitative analytic technique and taxanomic ones of Spradley. The sociocultural contexts for behaviors of this clan were two dimensional structures of real experience and imaginary ones, group membership, hierachial structure, and reciprocical exchanging patterns. These behavioral rules were based on principles of extended GikGae(直系擴大)and ChangGae-GikGae(長係直系擴大). These rules are effects on experience of death of the elderly. The world views of the elderly was complex ones. The living world of elderly is divided two dimensions with world of ancestors and decents, or divided three ones by pre -world, real world, and after world. The meanings of death for the elderly were scattering of beings, moving to beyond-world, continuation to the after world, shiting to the world of ancestors, migrating to grave, and returning to the pre-world. The elderly get ready for good death as to these meaning by talking about death and dying, managing wants and desire, establishing the identity of ancestor, arranging family relation, and preparing goods for death and grave.

질적연구의 질 향상을 위한 탐색

조명옥(Cho Myung-Ok) 질적연구학회 2005 질적연구 Vol.6 No.2

문헌 민담에 나타난 한국인의 죽음 관념

조명옥(Cho Myoung Ok) 질적연구학회 2002 질적연구 Vol.3 No.2

만성 건강 문제를 지닌 여성의 일상생활 위기 경험

조명옥(Cho Myung-Ok) 질적연구학회 2005 질적연구 Vol.6 No.1

의료용으로 적용 가능한 초소형 와이어 유량센서의 개발

조명옥(Myoung-Ock Cho),장우진(Woojin Jang),강봉철(Bongchul Kang),임시형(Si-Hyung Lim) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11

여성암 환자의 분노 경험

조명옥(Cho, Myung Ok),김미경(Kim, Mi Kyeong) 질적연구학회 2017 질적연구 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed to find the common constituents and structure of the experience of anger. The focus of the study was the anger experience of the women who suffered from cervical cancer. Methods: Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenology was adopted for the study. 6 participants were recruited using the convenient sampling method: aged from 47 to 82 years old; 4 participants having had the treatments of surgery and chemotherapy, and 2 having had the treatment of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Data came from in-depth interviews conducted in an oncology ward, an outpatients department, participants’ home, and researcher’s office. 4 steps of Giorgi’s method for data analyzing were adopted. Results: The common constituents of participants’ experiences of anger consisted of: reflection and evaluating on the meaning of unfair threatening life event and making a pre-assumption, re-examining the event with the perspectives of an object and social rule of behavior, verification and conforming of pre-assumption, transfer the objects of anger to other individuals and situations. Conclusion: Participants’ experience of anger is a cognitive process of reflection on self, one’s life, and their social contexts. Unfair life codes for the women in our society make women angry. Identifying and understanding the common constituents of anger experiences and it’s structure will enable nurses to be more sensitive and effective caregivers.

간호학생 에세이에 반영된 죽음의 의미

조명옥(Cho Myung-Ok),김혜옥(Kim Hae-Ok) 질적연구학회 2006 질적연구 Vol.7 No.2

Death is an universal experience of all human, but it’s meanings are specific to the cultures and individual. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the meanings of death among the nursing students. The data were 92 essays entitled ‘reflex on death of myself’ These texts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Selected analysing constituents were time, space, and relationship. Three meanings on the death were found: diaspora of being, separation from everyday life and normality, and changing an attitude to a life and death. These meanings were constructed by a journey on their lives from past to future. Reflection on death of oneself and results of the research has it’s meaning on the nursing education and practice for the dying patients.

노인 돌봄문화의 전승에 관한 문화 기술적 연구

조명옥(Cho Myoung-Ok) 질적연구학회 2000 질적연구 Vol.1 No.1

미시문화기술지의 간호연구 적용을 위한 고찰

조명옥(Cho Myung-Ok) 질적연구학회 2009 질적연구 Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: This article was aimed to develop a new approach in nursing research. Methods: An exploratory literature review was performed for the purpose of ethno-nursing. Results: This article composed as: historical reviews on ethnography in nursing as its purpose and research trends; descriptive reviews on basic assumptions and perspectives on culture in communicative ethnography; critical inquiry on cultural isolate of temporality and territoriality by its usage in nursing research. Conclusion: Communicative ethnography by Edward Hall is an useful approaches to make thick description on nursing concepts of time and pace. It can be successfully adopted to ethno-nursing research.

중환자실 간호사의 임종간호경험 : 시공간성 탐구

조명옥(Cho Myung Ok) 질적연구학회 2010 질적연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experiences in time and space of nurses working with dying patients in acute care settings. Methods: Temporality and spatiality as a cultural isolate were explored in low-contextual and high-contextual dimension. Data were collected through fieldwork from March 2008 to June 2010, by using interviews and participant observations. Ten nurses were involved the study. Results: Participants experienced anomic phenomenon at the unexpected death of patient. In chaotic situations, participants lost perception of time and space and meaning of life. Violation and contradiction were observed in the valuing and orientation of time and space among nurses, doctors, and patients' families. Participants exercise both mono-chronic and poly-chronic behavior to keep the critical time of dying patient and family. Conclusion: Not all patient in acute care setting have negative experiences in time and space while dying. Whether a patient has a 'good' or 'bad' death relies on the nurse.