18세기 이후 조선사회의 온돌에 대한 인식변화와 난방효율 증대를 위한 건축적 모색

정정남,Chung, Jung-Nam 한국건축역사학회 2018 건축역사연구 Vol.27 No.3

As a result of reviewing various documents and existing researches, since the late Goryeo period, the most active period in the Ondol(溫突, Korean floor heating system) facilities is the 17th century. The phenomenological reason was recovering the buildings destroyed by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂) & the Manchu War of 1636(丙子胡亂), but the underlying cause was an abnormal climate in which a pair of summer and winter cold continued. In the 17th century, as the Ondol facilities grew rapidly without distinction between regions and classes, the supply and demand of fuel caused economic and natural environmental problems. And a negative and positive view on Ondol was suggested. Since the middle of the 18th century, when the demand and supply of Ondol reached its peak, which could no longer increase, a new awareness of Ondol began to grow. The room was called the Panbang(板房) and the Ondol, depending on the material that made up the floor. It was considered natural to have the Ondol from this time on. The Incan(因間) and Jo(竈) that were made to burn were started to be recorded as a kitchen, regardless of size and function. Changes in social awareness of Ondol have led to concerns about heating efficiency. A variety of architectural explorations were conducted. Such a search was later realized in concrete architectural form. There is a double Ondoll structure, and the column spacing is reduced compared to the previous one. The heat buffer space is formed around the Ondol room, and the double window can control the light and the air going in and out.

인사동 194번지의 도시적(都市的) 변화(變化)와 18세기 한성부(漢城府) 구윤옥(具允鈺) 가옥(家屋)에 관한 연구 -장서각 소장 이문내(里門內) 구윤옥가도형(具允鈺家圖形)의 분석을 중심으로-

정정남,Chung, Jung-Nam 한국건축역사학회 2008 건축역사연구 Vol.17 No.3

Seoul has been watched at its symbolic image which is the capital of one nation. since then Joseon was established. So, most of study about Seoul placed too much emphasis on like next; urban organization, palace, government office and public establishment. On the other hand, it is lacking in study of the individual building, the residential district, the change of building-lot. This study is to make up a deficiency from study of Gaokdohyung(家屋圖形site and floor plan). Gaokdohyung(家屋圖形) is drawings of building lots & houses existed in Hanseongbu漢城府(modem Seoul). It is possessed in Jangseogak and all 24 sheets. It is merely 24sheets but has many urban information in that. Housing of number 116 expressed in Gaokdohyung are consist on the house of Sadaebu士天王(noble class) Joongin中人(middle class) Sangmin常民(commoner), Villa(Byeolseo別墅) and connecting stores etc. Houses in Gaokdohyung has characteristic that most building lot is very specious and owners are variety of social position. The study of Gaokdohyung will progress through analyzing diachronic change of individual building lot & house. In the event, results of this study will help to find out change of urban tissue & architecture. So, i intend to seek for entity of urban tissue and urban house in Joseon Period differ from now, and to study out those have been changed continuously forward now.

한성부(漢城府)의 '통호번도(統戶番圖)' 제작과정을 통해 본 대한제국기(大韓帝國期) 관광방(觀光坊) 대형필지의 변화양상

정정남,Chung, Jung-Nam 한국건축역사학회 2011 건축역사연구 Vol.20 No.1

This paper deals with a fundamental study for '$Tonhobeondo$統戶番圖-making' of Hanseongbu(modern Seoul) before the Japanese colonial period. '$Tonhobeondo$統戶番圖-making' will be accomplished through analysis on Kwangmu-census光武戶籍 as a map of address-system in the Joseon period. It is possible to consider the urban changes of Hanseongbu(modern Seoul) because of '$Tonhobeondo$統戶番圖' reflects a urban situation from the 1897 to 1906. At present, an address-system of Korea was made by the cadastral survey in the 1914. By the way, new address-system was a completely different from traditional address-system of Joseon period. Consequently, different two address-system caused a lot of difficulties the study on the urban changes. For such a reason '$Tonhobeondo$統戶番圖-making' is very important. If '$Tonhobeondo$統戶番圖-making' would be accomplished, it will be used by a field of urban, architectural and historical science study besides.

임진왜란(壬辰倭亂) 이후 남별궁(南別宮)의 공해적(公?的) 역할과 그 공간 활용) - 장서각 소장 "소공동홍고양가도형"."사대부가배치도형"의 분석을 통하여 -

정정남,Chung, Jung-Nam 한국건축역사학회 2009 건축역사연구 Vol.18 No.4

No.87 Sogong-dong where is the Chosun hotel stand. There was the Nambeol-gung(south ern royal villa) which had been a reception hall for enboys of the toadied country before Hwangudan?丘壇 being set up in the year 1897. The site of the Nambeol-gung was Gyeongjeong慶貞 princess's a lot for house in the early 15th century. But after princess's death, it occurred property dispute between her son and four daughters. As a result of the dispute, a lot and a house of all the princess's properties reverted to the government. At reverted this lot was established a big royal villa in the year 1583 and that royal villa was granted to Uian prince. The villa reverted to the government again when the Uian義安 prince was dead in 12 years old by an epidemic. After the Imjin Invasion壬辰倭亂, another houses and buildings got to be role as a palace because of all the palace in the capital was burnt down to ashes. Among others Nambeol-gung was brought into play as the royal audience chamber. As well as, the villa became brought out role as a reception hall for enboys of the toadied country instead of a damaged reception hall the Taepyong-gwan太平館. In period when the envoy didn't come, the Nambeol-gung was used to extraordinary office of government like Dogam都監. This situation is to mean that the Nambeol-gung is not the royal villa any more. Because of the Nambeol-gung was built as a royal villa, that spaces were composited like space of house and palace. But this spatial composition and spatial name were not fit to hold a ceremony of government office. After all, Nambeol-gung was used change only the spatial name conform to ceremony of office keep up the spatial composition.

壯勇營의 漢城府內 立地와 營舍의 建築的 특성 : 『本營圖形』의 분석을 중심으로

정정남(Chung Jung-nam) 한국학중앙연구원 2009 장서각 Vol.0 No.21

본고는 세 종류의 『本營圖形』의 분석을 통하여 장용영의 본영을 군제사적인 측면에서 뿐만 아니라, 도시 및 건축사적으로 연구하려고 한 것이다. 현재까지 알려진 『本營圖形』은 1799년에 제작된 것 2매와 1801년에 제작된 1매로 모두 세 종류이다. 1799년에 제작된 두 종류의 『本營圖形』 중 하나는 채색도이고 다른 하나는 도면 형식으로 그려진 것으로 채색도는 장서각에 소장되어 있고, 도면형식의 것은 고려대학교 박물관에 소장되어 있다. 1801년에 그려진 것은 장서각에 소장되어 있으며, 도면형식이다. 세 종류의 『本營圖形』에는 장용영의 위치와 공간구성 및 건축적 형태를 자세하게 알 수 있도록 표현되어 있다. 이를 도시 및 건축적 시각으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 『本營圖形』은 이현대로 변, 구 이현궁에 첨건한 장용영 營舍의 전반적인 상황을표현하고, 계속적인 확장의 규모를 기록하여 正祖에게 보고하고자 작성된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 1801년 최대로 확장된 장용영 營舍의 구성은 상급 官職者의 공간, 군사 실무를 담당하는 將校들의 공간, 군기를 제작하는 匠人과 員役者들의 공간, 각종 軍器와 軍需 · 軍餉을 보관하는 곳간, 上番하고 있는 鄕軍들의 入接處로 이루어져 있으며, 이들은 位階와 상호 연계관계를 바탕으로 유기적인 배치를 하고 있다. 장용영 영사의 확장은, 주로 庫間의 규모를 키워가며 이루어졌는데, 이는 장용영 재정운영의 실태를 시각적으로 확인할 수 있는 부분이라 하겠다. 또 화강석과 벽돌을 적절히 섞어가며 만들어낸 庫間의 건축구조를 통해서는 화성성역의 과정을 통해 축적된 18세기 말의 건축재료에 대한 탐구와 기술력을 볼 수 있다. 장용영의 규모를 늘려가는 기간 동안 장용영속민호들을 이현대로 주변에 이주하여 살게하고, 壯勇營左契와 右契로 나누어 효율적으로 관리하려고 했던 점을 통해 당시 도시 행정운영의 일면을 확인할 수 있다. This study is to investigate into not only political and a military system but also urban and architectural viewpoint Jangyongyeong(壯勇營) from analysis concerning three kinds of Bonyeong-dohyung(本營圖形). Bonyeong-dohyung is three kinds. Among them, two kinds were made in the year 1799 and the other one was made in the year 1801. In the two kinds of 1799, one is a colored picture and the other is a drawing. The Painting style one is possessed in Jangseogak and the drawing is possessed in the museum of Korea-University. The another one in the year 1801 is drawing style and possessed in Jangseogak. This Bonyeong-dohyung is drawings to express extensional process on the military camp of Jangyongyeong in the king of Jeongjo(正祖). Jangyongyeong was the Royal guards which was established by Jeongjo's ambitious. The camp of Janyongyeong was built eastern side of Ihyun-street(梨峴大路) and the area had been a site for the Ihyun royal villa. The results of this study on Bonyeong-dohung are as follows; Bonyeong-dohyung can be said of the report which was painted on the overall situation on the camp of Janyongyeong and extension of a building continuously for King -Jeongjo. In the year of 1801, the consist of the Jangyong-military camp as follows; the space of senior officers, working space for the military officers, the space of techinician to produce weapons and people to slave labor, warehouse to keep weapons and rice, local solder's quarters. These are placed on the hierarchy and organic relationship with another. The buildings of Janyong-militay camp had been expanded warehouse mainly, due to the financial expansion. Most of this warehouse was wooden structure but their wall was made in brick and granite. The architectural form of brick and granite warehouse created with the research and technology for construction materials in the end of the 18th century. While expanding the camp, solders and people to slave labor belonging to Janyonyeong had to live in the sides of Ihyun-street. They were devided into Janyong-left-gea(壯勇營左契) and right-gea(右契), managed efficiently. Through this can be confirmed a part of city administration in the end of the 18th century.